Planting Management of Welsh Onion in Winter

Green onion (scientific name: Allium fistulosum L.var. Giganteum Makion) is a kind of onions, which can be divided into four types: common onions, shallots, scallions and scallions. Spring onions taste pungent, slightly warm in nature, and have the function of releasing Yang, detoxifying and seasoning. Mainly used for cold, cold and fever, headache and nasal congestion, cold and abdominal pain, dysentery diarrhea, internal obstruction of insect accumulation, obstruction of milk, adverse stool and so on. Spring onion contains volatile oil, which is mainly composed of allicin, dienyl sulfide and calcium oxalate. In addition, it also contains fat, sugar, carotene, vitamin B, C, nicotinic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and other ingredients. It is a perennial herb with cylindrical leaves, hollow in the middle, fragile and easy to fold.

Morphological characteristics of Welsh Onion

Roots: roots white, chord-like, lateral roots few and short. The number, length and thickness of roots increased with the increase of the total number of leaves. Green onion growth period, the number of roots can reach more than 100.

Stem: stem extremely shortened in globose or oblate globose, solitary or fascicled, thick 1~2cm, white, membranous, unruptured. There are many layers of tubular leaf sheaths in the upper part and dense fibrous roots in the lower part. When the growth point at the tip of the seedling differentiates into a flower bud, the flower stem will be gradually developed. Green onion flower stem stout, hollow unbranched, long 30~50cm.

Leaf: the leaf consists of a leaf body and a leaf sheath. The leaf body is conical, hollow, green or dark green. A single leaf sheath is cylindrical. The multi-layer sheath and its inner 4-6 unsheathed young leaves form a clavate pseudostem.

Flowers: inserted at the top of the flower stem, the developing umbel is hidden in the involucral bract before flowering. Onion plants with full growth of vegetative organs, an inflorescence with 400-500 flowers, more than 800. Bisexual flowers, cross-pollination. Each flower has 6 perianth and 6 stamens. When the pistil matures, the style grows 1cm. Ovary superior, 3 locules, 2 capsules per locule.

Fruit seed: the fruit is a capsule, which is easy to crack when ripe. Seeds peltate, black, 6-angled, irregularly densely rugose. The 1000-grain weight is 2.4-3.4 g.

Planting Management of Welsh Onion in Winter

1. Transplanting and planting 1. Select and prepare land with deep living soil layer, which is convenient for drainage and irrigation to plant winter scallions. Ploughing 25 to 30 centimeters deep in time after the previous harvest, ploughing without raking. Bask in the sun for as many days as possible to eliminate germs and weeds. 2. Planting time when onion seedlings grow to about 80 days, they can be planted in trenches. It is generally appropriate from late August to September 5. 3. The trench can be dug with a shovel 12 cm wide and 35 cm long, or a hoe can be used instead of a special shovel. The furrow distance of winter scallions is 60 to 63 centimeters. The gap between ditches is too narrow to manage and cultivate soil, and it is too wide to waste land. The ditch is 20 to 25 cm deep. At the bottom of the ditch, mature farm manure was applied, 3000 kg per 1/15 ha, and 40 kg of three-element compound fertilizer was mixed. Turn the bottom of the ditch with a shovel or hoe to make the manure and soil mix and absorb green onions, which is beneficial to the development of root system. The direction of green onion ditch can be north-south or east-west, and the former is the best. 4. 1 to 2 days before seedling emergence, water should be watered once to facilitate seedling emergence. The seedlings dug out should be divided into three levels: large, medium and small, and the seedlings should be planted separately in order to ensure that the seedlings are strong and increase the yield, on the contrary, the survival rate and yield are low. 5. Reasonable close planting is too thick and too thin will affect high yield. Each of the two green onion seedlings is a pinch, 1.5cm apart, lean the green onion seedlings against the back of the green onion ditch, and then cover the soil, so that it is appropriate not to bury the heart leaves, that is, the bottom of the "pentagram", that is, the green and white 3/4. It is proved in practice that when planting onions, the seedlings are planted immediately and watered immediately, which is beneficial to slow seedlings and high yield. Second, the management after planting 1. Watering immediately after planting in time, the first water should not be too large to prevent the spring onion ditch from collapsing, and water the seedlings again every 5 to 6 days. After that, water should be watered every 7 to 8 days to keep the soil moist. Remove the stagnant water in the ditch in time after the heavy rain to prevent the water from rotting roots and dead seedlings. "Frosts Descent" will be watered for 10 to 15 days. Pour another frozen water on "the Winter Solstice". 2. Formula topdressing winter scallions can be topdressing for 3 times. The first topdressing is carried out when the seedlings slow down and begin to grow vigorously. 8 kg of urea and 8 kg of ternary compound fertilizer were applied to 1/15 hectares. The second topdressing was carried out from "Cold Dew" to "Frosts Descent". The third topdressing was carried out between "the Beginning of Winter" and "Lesser Snow", applying 20 kg of urea and 20 kg of potash fertilizer on 1/15 hectares. In addition to topdressing, foliar spraying should be carried out. Spraying ferrous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, copper sulfate and manganese sulfate with a concentration of 1000 times can be increased by more than 10%. 3. Each time the soil is fertilized, it is necessary to water the soil once and cultivate the soil once. It is appropriate to cultivate the soil without burying the heart leaves, not exceeding the "pentagonal strands" and banishing the low but not the high. Soil cultivation should be carried out when the soil moisture content is moderate and there is no mud, and pay attention to avoid dew in the morning. When cultivating the soil, we should also be careful not to hurt the onion leaves and cause diseases. Third, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests winter scallions have strong disease resistance, almost no disease has occurred, spray 1 to 2 times 500 times liquid carbendazim or chlorothalonil can be prevented. The main pests are onion root maggots, onion thrips and so on. After planting, combined with the second watering, the root was irrigated with 90% trichlorfon 2 kg with 1/15 ha of water, and the effect was good. Onion thrips can be controlled with 3000 times of EC.