Causes and Countermeasures of eggplant falling Flower and Fruit

Eggplant, also known as "eggplant", also known as "Luosu", is one of the few purple vegetables, and it is also a very common household vegetable on the table. In some areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, people are called Luosu, and people in Liangguang are called dwarf melons, which are annual herbs of Solanaceae and perennials in the tropics. Its fruit is edible, the color is mostly purple or purple-black, there are also light green or white varieties, the shape is also round, oval, pear-shaped and so on. Eggplant is a typical vegetable, which can be used in various ways according to different varieties. Eggplant is of high value to the rehabilitation of diseases, but the improvement of vitality belongs to the effective range.

Eggplant is a member of the Solanaceae family. It is one of the few purple vegetables, and it is also a very common household vegetable on the table. The purplish red is due to the fact that the pericarp cells contain delphinin and its glycosides, and both green and purplish red fruits turn brown when they mature. The edible part includes pericarp, placenta and "heart pulp" part. All of them are composed of spongy parenchyma with many intercellular spaces and soft tissue.

Eggplant was first produced in India and was introduced into China in the 4th-5th century. The eggplant cultivated in the Northern and Southern dynasties is round and similar to the wild shape. Long eggplant was cultivated in the Yuan Dynasty, which was introduced into Japan at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Eggplant has a straight root system, 50 cm deep, and extends horizontally 120 cm round eggplant, most of which are distributed in the 30 cm tillage layer. The fruit on the main stem of eggplant is called "door eggplant". The fruit of the first-order side branch is called "pair eggplant", the fruit of the second-order side branch is called "four doors", the fruit of the third-order side branch is called "octahedral wind", and the fruit of the later side branch is called "Man Tianxing".

Causes and Countermeasures of eggplant falling Flower and Fruit

In eggplant production, usually falling flowers and fruits are serious, which restricts the increase of yield and is not conducive to the improvement of production efficiency. Attention should be paid to the countermeasures in production.

The main reasons for eggplant falling flowers and fruits are as follows:

1. The temperature is not suitable for the higher temperature in the fruiting period of eggplant, the optimum temperature in the fruiting period is between 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, the temperature at night should be between 15 ℃ and 20 ℃, the temperature is lower than 15 ℃ or higher than 35 mol, the growth is slow, the flower drop is serious, and the early and summer results are less in production.

2. if the flower development is poor, the eggplant flower develops well, the flower shape is large, the color is dense, the style is longer or equal when flowering, which is beneficial to pollination and fertilization, the fruit setting is good, while if the flower is not well developed, the style is shorter than the anther, it is difficult to get pollination, and most of them fall out.

3. Lack of nutrition, lack of fertilizer and little water, the plant growth is weak, nutrients are used to maintain growth, the reproductive ability is low, and the fruit setting is less.

4. Topdressing is not timely and inappropriate, and it is not conducive to fruit setting. Generally speaking, topdressing is earlier and plants grow excessively, which leads to the shedding of flowers and fruits. If topdressing is not in time, the production capacity of premature senescence of plants will be reduced, which is also disadvantageous to fruit setting.

5. if the value plant grows or weakens due to the improper proportion of fertilization, the proportion of plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth is out of balance, and it is difficult to set fruit.

6. Poor light, low photosynthetic capacity, poor quality of flowers, easy to fall off; eggplant is a light-loving crop, which has strict requirements for light time. When the light is weak, the plant growth and development slows down and the flower bud quality is poor.

7. The damage of diseases and insect pests led to the decrease of plant photosynthetic capacity, which was not conducive to the accumulation of photosynthates, but also to flower and fruit setting. The main diseases and insect pests harmful to eggplant are Verticillium wilt, aphids, red spiders and so on.

Verticillium wilt generally did not occur at the seedling stage, but mostly from the bottom to the top or from one side to the whole plant in the fruit setting stage, the leaf turned yellow at the edge of the leaf and between the veins, and then developed to the half leaf or the whole leaf yellowed, the photosynthetic fertility decreased, the nutrient accumulation decreased and the fruit setting rate decreased.

Aphids are harmful to many clusters and suck the host juice with needle tube haustors, resulting in yellowing, atrophy, deformation and withering of the leaves.

Both adult mites and nymphs of red spiders can feed on plant sap, which can change color or dry up the leaves, resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic capacity of leaves, which is disadvantageous to fruit setting.

According to the above reasons, corresponding countermeasures should be taken in eggplant production in order to improve the fruit setting rate and improve the efficiency of production and management. The main measures are:

1. Attention should be paid to promoting the growth of stigmas and reducing the proportion of short-styled flowers in order to improve the fruit-setting rate; the key measure applied in production is to strengthen the temperature management in the flowering and fruiting stage, the temperature is slightly lower in the temperature range of the fruiting period, the temperature is controlled at about 25 ℃ in the daytime, and between 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ at night, which slows down the flower bud differentiation and facilitates the formation of long stigmas, which can effectively control the proportion of short stigmas. In addition, the planting stubble should be arranged reasonably so that the temperature during the fruiting period is above 25 ℃ in the daytime and between 15 ℃ and 20 ℃ at night. In the summer high temperature period, attention should be paid to watering and cooling. In case of continuous high temperature weather, shading net can be used to build a shade shed to reduce the temperature and increase the fruit setting rate.

2. Strengthen fertilizer and water management and keep the plant growing moderately, so as to balance the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so as to improve the fruit setting rate: especially, the first topdressing should be timely, preferably when the diameter of the first layer of fruit is 3 cm, and the appropriate period of topdressing should be used to prevent early fertilization, which will lead to the shedding of flowers and fruits. After that, each time the fruit is picked and fertilized once, the nutrition is replenished, the premature senescence of the plant is prevented and the production capacity is reduced. In addition, attention should be paid to the appropriate proportion of fertilization to prevent the imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth caused by partial fertilizer, especially to prevent the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, which leads to the phenomenon of overgrowth of plants. The suitable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in eggplant production is 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1.7. attention should be paid to observe plant growth in production, and methods of promoting weak and controlling strength should be adopted to balance plant growth.

3. Strengthen plant shape adjustment to ensure good plant permeability to facilitate fruit setting: in production, attention should be paid to timely removal of old branches and leaves, as eggplant generally produces flowers and fruits at bifurcations, so attention should be paid to promoting growth and bifurcation in production. generally, the first, second and third bifurcations are mostly effective flowers, which can develop and set fruit well, but after four branches, the flower bud differentiation is poor, the fruit setting rate is low, and most of them are ineffective flowers. Therefore, attention should be paid to the bifurcation after the removal of the four branches in the production, so as to control the number of branches in the field and concentrate the supply of nutrients to facilitate fruit setting.

4. Strengthen the control of diseases and insect pests: the control of Verticillium wilt, red spiders and aphids should be strengthened in production. Before sowing, soak the seeds with 0.2% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 hour or soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes. Soil disinfection was carried out by sprinkling carbendazim per mu in the planting field, and the roots were irrigated with 50% mixed sulfur suspension and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times in the early stage of Verticillium wilt, each plant irrigated with 500 ml.

After the occurrence of red spiders, spray 1.8% 2000 times of agricultural acaroid EC or 2.5% Uranus 3000 times to control. At the initial stage of aphid occurrence, 50% aldicarb wettable powder was sprayed with 2000000 times or 21% methamphetamine 3000 times or 10% imidacloprid 3000 times.

For the plants damaged by diseases and insect pests, foliar spraying of Yemanbao, phytoxin, 0.5% urea + 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be carried out in time to fertilize the leaves, supplement nutrition, improve the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, increase the accumulation of photosynthates, and improve the fruit setting rate.

5. Spray chemical substances to protect flowers and fruits. Two days before flowering, coat calyx or fruit stalk with 2.4 Mel D of 40ml / kg 30ml / kg; spray 120mg / kg or 180ml / kg, 200ml / kg sodium bisulfite after fruit setting in the first layer of fruit, which can effectively increase material accumulation and increase fruit setting rate.