Comprehensive control of eggplant disease in rainy season

Eggplant, also known as "eggplant", also known as "Luosu", is one of the few purple vegetables, and it is also a very common household vegetable on the table. The root system of eggplant is well developed, with a depth of more than 1 m, and the main root groups are distributed in the 30~33cm soil layer. Lignification is relatively early, the ability of regeneration is slightly poor, and the ability of adventitious root formation is also weak. In greenhouse cultivation, the branching habit is allowed to grow naturally, which will form indoor shade, affect the ventilation and light transmission of eggplant, aggravate the disease and decrease the yield. Therefore, scientific pruning must be carried out in cultivation.

The flowers of eggplant are bisexual, mostly solitary, and there are 2 or 4 clustered flowers, white or purple, basally connate to form a tube. The self-pollination rate of eggplant is high, and the natural hybridization rate is between 3% and 6%. According to the length of the style, it can be divided into three types: long style, middle style and short style. The stigma of the long style is higher than the anther, the flowers are large and dark, and it is easy to pollinate on the stigma, which is a sound flower; the stigma of the middle stigma is flush with the anther, and the pollination rate is lower than that of the long style; the stigma of the short style is lower than the anther, the flower is small, the pedicel is fine, and the chance of pollination on the stigma is very small, usually almost completely falling, which is an unsound flower. Eggplant fruit is a berry, the shape is round, long stick or oval, the color is purple, reddish purple, green, white and so on. The seed is flat and round, the outer skin is smooth and hard, and the weight of a thousand seeds is about 5g.

Comprehensive control of eggplant disease in rainy season

In recent years, eggplant Verticillium wilt and cotton blight have become the two diseases with the highest incidence in eggplant production. They are often serious in rainy years and seasons, with light yields reduced by 20% to 30% and heavy ones by more than 60%, causing great economic losses to vegetable farmers. Eggplant Verticillium wilt, also known as half crazy, black heart disease, continuous blight, also known as falling eggs, rotten eggplant, the former harms leaves, the latter mainly harms fruits.

I. conditions for common disease

The incidence conditions of Verticillium wilt and cotton blight are basically the same. Continuous rain, high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the large-scale epidemic of the two diseases. The suitable temperature for the disease is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. In this range, the higher the humidity, the higher the incidence. In addition, low humidity, heavy soil, extensive management, multi-stubble continuous cropping, overplanting of weeds, application of undermature organic fertilizer and underground pests are all beneficial to the occurrence of the disease.

Second, symptom recognition

Symptoms of Verticillium wilt: it mainly harms leaves and can occur in all growing periods of eggplant, especially in the fruiting stage. At the initial stage of the disease, there were light yellow spots between the veins of the lower leaves, and gradually developed to half of the leaves or the whole leaf. The diseased leaves wilted during the day and recovered at night, the color changed from yellow to brown, the edge rolled up, and finally the whole leaf withered and fell off. When the disease is serious, it can develop to the whole plant.

Symptoms of cotton blight: mainly harm to fruits, but also to leaves, stems and flowers. The fruit is infected when it is near ripening, so the middle and lower fruits suffer more in the field. At first, a nearly round dark brown and moist disease spot appeared on the fruit, which expanded rapidly when the disease conditions were suitable, gradually rotting the whole fruit, and covered with white mildew layer mycelium on the disease spot when the field humidity was high. The infected leaves had obvious wheel lines, and when the stem was seriously infected, the stem withered and died.

III. Comprehensive prevention and control

1. Disinfect the seeds. Select disease-resistant varieties, such as Changqian 1, and disinfect the seeds before sowing, such as soaking the seeds in warm water of 50 ℃ ~ 55 ℃ for 7 minutes for 8 minutes or soaking them in formalin solution of 1000 times for 15 minutes and then sowing the seeds directly.

two。 Crop rotation. Avoid continuous cropping or adjacent cropping with tomato, pepper and other Solanaceae vegetables.

3. The acupoint plate was used to raise seedlings. Acupoint plate 1 acupoint 1 naked, evenly distributed, sufficient nutrients, well-developed root system, no or less root injury during planting. The disease resistance was enhanced and the chance of infection was reduced.

4. Apply fully mature organic fertilizer.

5. Strengthen the management of disease control after planting. First, after the harvest, the garden is thoroughly cleared, and all the plants are taken out of the field for destruction together with diseased plants, and should not be casually thrown; the second is timely ploughing and soil cultivation to promote the growth of plant roots; and the third is moderate close planting, pulling out weeds in the field and removing some of the old leaves at the bottom to improve ventilation and light transmittance in the field.

6. Chemical control. During planting, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 5 kg mixed with fine soil 100 kg per mu was sprinkled into the planting hole; after planting, the plant roots were sprayed with 70% dimethazone wettable powder 500 times or 50% carbendazim 700 times, once every 7 days. As these two diseases are more prevalent during the growing period of eggplant, the plant is in the high temperature and rainy season during the flowering and fruiting stage. preventive spraying should be carried out every 7 to 10 days: 58% Ruidui manganese zinc 500 times solution or 64% poison alum 500 times solution or 40% ethyl phosphine aluminum 300 times solution can have a better effect.