Key points of rape cultivation in autumn and winter in greenhouse

Youmai Cai, alias naked oats, also known as bitter vegetables, lettuce, Compositae, lettuce plants, is tender shoots, tender leaves for the product of pointed leaf lettuce, leaves were long lanceolate, light green color, crisp texture, taste extremely fresh, fragrance, with unique flavor, containing a lot of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and a lot of calcium, iron, and other nutrients, is the top grade of raw vegetables, there is "Phoenix tail" said.

Morphological Characteristics of Youmai

Oilwheat belongs to Compositae, is to tender shoots, tender leaves for the product of pointed leaf lettuce, leaves were long lanceolate, it looks a bit like lettuce "head", leaves slender spread, shoots thin and short. From the point of view of blood relationship, lettuce belongs to a variety of leaf lettuce-long leaf lettuce, which is similar to the familiar lettuce, so it is also known as beef lettuce. It is light green in color and strong in growth. Disease resistance, adaptability, texture crisp tender, taste extremely fresh, fragrance,"Phoenix tail" said. Youmai vegetable has the functions of lowering cholesterol, treating neurasthenia, clearing dryness and moistening lung, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, etc. It is a kind of vegetable with low calorie and high nutrition.

The nutritional value of oil wheat vegetables

Youmai vegetables contain a lot of vitamins, calcium, iron, protein, fat, and other nutrients, which can supplement various nutrients required by the human body. The characteristics of wheat and oil vegetables are mainly rich in minerals. For example, the calcium in wheat and oil vegetables is 1.9 times higher than that in lettuce and 2 times higher than lettuce. Protein content is 40%, carotene is 1.4 times higher, calcium is 2 times higher, iron is 33%, selenium is 1.8 times higher.

Key points of winter and autumn cultivation of wheat and oil vegetable in greenhouse

1. Seed treatment soaking germination

The seeds are wrapped in gauze and soaked in cold water for about 1 hour, then taken out and placed at 15~20℃. Or put it in the refrigerator for 2~3 days, and sow it after the seeds are white. The seed dosage is 20~25 grams per mu.

II. Seed bed preparation

Seedbed selection of high dry terrain, water and fertilizer retention capacity of the plot, more organic fertilizer, cultivation per mu field with seedbed 15~20 square meters.

III. Sowing

Generally in late September sowing, sowing with appropriate amount of fine sand and seed mix, the seeds are separated, and then broadcast seedlings. Be careful not to sow closely to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing. Cover the seeds with 0.5 cm thick soil mixed with phoxim, and put up shelters to protect them from sun and rain.

IV. Seedling management

The seedlings grow 2 true leaves and the transplanting density is 6 cm ×6 cm. The seedbed should be kept moist and shaded at noon. Pay attention to pest control at seedling stage.

V. Soil preparation and planting

After sowing about 25 days, when 5~6 true leaves grow out, the vegetable is planted in the greenhouse in time. Before planting, 3500~ 4000kg decomposed organic fertilizer, 20~ 25kg phosphorus fertilizer, 40~ 50kg nitrogen fertilizer and 10~ 15kg potassium fertilizer shall be applied per mu. After general fertilization, the soil preparation is made into a bed, the bed width is 1~1.5 meters, the plant spacing is 10 cm ×10~15 cm, and 40 thousand ~ 50 thousand plants are planted per mu. After transplanting, water should be poured thoroughly.

VI. Post-planting management

1) Management before buckle shed. After planting and slowing down seedlings, a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1~2 times in combination with watering, and urea or ammonium sulfate is generally applied per mu to promote plant growth. In the future, we should keep the soil moist frequently and cultivate and weed in time.

2) Management after deduction of shed. Youmai is a fast-growing leafy vegetable. The suitable growth temperature is 18~25℃. When the night temperature is lower than 12℃, the shed is closed. After buckling the shed, adjust the temperature and relative humidity in the shed in time. Generally, the relative temperature in the shed should be less than 90%. In the cultivation management should be kept clean, prohibit the use of manure as topdressing. 0.3% KH_2PO_4 and urea solution were sprayed 3~4 times on leaves of Youmai vegetable at early and middle growth stages. The whole growth period topdressing 2~3 times, urea 5~10 kg or ammonium sulfate 10 kg per mu, with watering when applied.

3) Pest control. The main pests were aphids, which could be sprayed with 800 times solution of 40% dimethoate EC, downy mildew and soft rot, which could be controlled by spraying with 300~500 times solution of 70% mancozeb WP and 0.02% agricultural streptomycin solution respectively.

VII. Harvesting

Oil-wheat vegetables mainly eat tender leaves. From late October to early January of the following year, when the number of leaves reaches 30~34, the plant height reaches 45~48 cm, and the expansion degree reaches 60~69 cm, the harvest is carried out at a time when the height is 2~3 cm from the ground. Remove old leaves, sick leaves, timely supply winter market.