High yield cultivation techniques of Phyllostachys pubescens shoot

Bamboo shoot is a new type of health food. Cellulose, the most abundant in bamboo shoots, plays an important role in modern nutrition and health care. Often eat cellulose food, can prevent and cure hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, bowel cancer and hemorrhoids and other diseases. This is because cellulose in the intestine can reduce the body's absorption of fat, increase intestinal movement, and promote the excretion of stool.

Bamboo shoots are recognized as the best green natural food, one of the traditional forest vegetables, and are listed as one of the "mountain treasures" of "the first vegetarian diet". In Japan, Canada and South Korea, bamboo shoots are regarded as "necessary for meals and must be eaten every day". According to the determination, every 100 grams of bamboo shoots contain 3 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 0.4 grams of sugars, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, phosphorus, iron, calcium and 18 kinds of amino acids, carotene and other ingredients.

In recent years, it has also been found that bamboo shoots have a variety of health functions, such as losing weight, reducing blood lipids, anti-aging and so on. Cellulose, the most abundant in bamboo shoots, plays an important role in modern nutrition and health care. Often eat cellulose food, can prevent and cure hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, obesity, diabetes, bowel cancer and hemorrhoids and other diseases. This is because cellulose in the intestine can reduce the body's absorption of fat, increase intestinal movement, and promote the excretion of stool. Therefore, cellulose is called "the seventh nutrient" by modern nutritionists.

High yield cultivation techniques of Phyllostachys pubescens shoot

Garden management

The main results are as follows: 1. The cleaning of the garden can improve the absorption function of whip root, promote the growth of new whip, increase the length and thickness of young and strong bamboo whip, and improve the ability of bamboo shoot.

2. When soil improvement is combined with digging winter bamboo shoots, turn the soil 40-50 cm deep and break the soil into pieces. At the same time, apply fertilizer, pond mud, garbage and so on. In summer, weeding can be combined with grass and bamboo leaves to keep the soil loose and fertile.

Soil and fertilizer management

In the process of growth and development, bamboo needs to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other mineral nutrients from the soil. In general, for every 1000 kilograms of bamboo shoots, 27 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 12 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 17 kilograms of potash fertilizer and 21 kilograms of silicate are required. If the yield is increased, the amount of fertilizer should be increased accordingly. In addition, fertilization should be considered comprehensively according to the growth status of bamboo, the regular characteristics of fertilizer demand and the fertility of woodland in order to get the best effect.

Nitrogen fertilizer can increase the yield mainly by promoting the ontogeny of bamboo shoots. Phosphate fertilizer can increase the percentage of bamboo shoots or directly promote the formation of bamboo shoots and increase the number of shoots. The role of potassium fertilizer is to help to give full play to the functions of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of nitrogen fertilizer can advance the emergence of bamboo shoots and prolong the shooting period accordingly; the application of phosphate fertilizer can delay the shooting, and the shooting quantity is concentrated in the middle and later stage.

1. The calculation of the annual growth of Phyllostachys pubescens, the aboveground part accounts for about 75%, and the underground part accounts for 25%. According to this ratio, the growth of the aboveground part can be used to estimate the yield of the underground part, and then the annual fertilizer amount can be calculated. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can adopt the mode of 5:4:3.

2. The time of fertilization (1) applying long bamboo shoot fertilizer in spring: the available nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied in early spring and February. (2) Xia Shifa whip fertilizer: it was carried out in May after digging bamboo shoots, using both quick-acting fertilizer and late-acting fertilizer to supplement the nutrients needed for the growth of bamboo shoots in summer and autumn. (3) applying germination fertilizer in autumn: when the shoot bud began to differentiate from September to October, the main fertilizer was phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer, and the fertilizer was scattered on the woodland and turned into the soil when burying the whip to lay the foundation for multiple bamboo shoots. (4) Application of bamboo shoot fertilizer in winter: it can be combined with digging winter bamboo shoots from November to December, mainly with organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer.

3. Fertilization methods: chemical fertilizers are generally applied in ditches, and organic fertilizers can be spread and applied combined with turning the soil and buried in the ground, which is mainly used to produce summer and autumn bamboo shoots. Fertilization should generally be applied deeply to avoid floating whips.

4. cultivating the soil of bamboo forest is the key to promote the production of bamboo shoots in the four seasons, through cultivating soil to achieve loose and deep soil, keep bamboo shoots fresh and tender, prolong the growth time of bamboo shoots underground, and promote the thick growth and high growth of bamboo shoots. Soil cultivation can be combined with fertilization, especially when organic fertilizer is applied, soil mulching can promote fertilizer decomposition and prevent fertilizer loss. The thickness of soil cultivation should depend on the conditions of woodland and the growth of bamboo. The barren soil should be thick, the deep soil can be thin, the bamboo forest land with strong growth potential can be thick, and the bamboo forest land with weak growth potential should be thickened gradually.

Bamboo whip management

The top advantage of bamboo whip growth is extremely strong, generally can extend 2-3 meters per year, the longest can reach more than 7 meters. If it is not treated properly, there will be two situations: one is that the bamboo whip grows vigorously, forming a large number of long whip segments, and the proportion of effective bamboo shoot whip is small; second, the bamboo whip is distributed on the surface of the soil and can not go deep into the soil due to the influence of fertilizer tendency. In this regard, appropriate breaking and burying whips should be carried out.

1. The time and intensity of the broken whip should be mastered.

The main results are as follows: (1) the time of breaking whip should be determined according to the growth law of bamboo whip. It is usually carried out between July and September, because it can still be whipped after breaking the whip at this time.

(2) the length of broken whip: the strong whip should be broken lightly and the weak whip should be broken seriously. In the bamboo forest with a large proportion of young and strong whip segments, the broken whip should be light (short), which can rapidly increase the bamboo shoot whip section; in the bamboo forest with a large proportion of old whip section, the new whip should be heavy (long) to promote growth and regulate the growth potential of the whip; when the proportion of new and old whip is moderate, the stout whip should be light (short) and the thin and weak whip should be heavy (long). This is because the stout whip grows more vigorously; if the weak whip is broken lightly, the new whip is too weak to form a strong shoot whip.

2. The floating of bamboo whip on the surface is mainly caused by the fatten tendency or bad management of bamboo whip. In particular, jumping whips (often exposed to the ground for a period of time, then into the soil), if these bamboo whips are dug off, both ends of the bamboo whips will be affected, the upper ones will die, and the lower ones often discharge bleeding, affecting the growth of bamboo shoots and mother bamboos. Therefore, it is necessary to bury the whip.

(1) the time of burying the whip: it is suitable to be carried out from June to September. In this process, we should first take measures to raise the whip, and then break the whip to dig bamboo shoots. The plum whip is mainly dug as the second, and the whip is dug as the second. The bamboo whip sent in June is kept as the backbone whip, and the whip from July to September is selectively buried. After late October, the bamboo whip has stopped growing and there is no need to bury the whip.

The burying whip should choose the young whip which is hypertrophic and the apex is yellowish. It is appropriate to bury 5-6 whips per mother bamboo, but it is disadvantageous to bury more than one another.

(2) the method of burying the whip: first dig a ditch with a depth of 40 cm and a width of 30-40 cm, and place the whip in it, and the tip of the whip is downward. If you find an old whip for a year when digging a ditch, the new whip should be placed under the old whip to make it deep into the soil. After the whip is put, the soil is covered with about 10 cm, add an appropriate amount of fertilizer, and then fill it with soil. Later, if it is found that it is elongated and appears on the surface, it will be buried again in time, usually a whip should be buried more than 3 times.

Mother bamboo retention

In the bamboo forest that produces bamboo shoots in four seasons, the retention amount of mother bamboo should gradually reach 180-200 plants per mu, that is, the annual retention amount of new bamboo is about 60 plants. The age structure of bamboo was adjusted to 1:1:1 for 1,2,3 degrees bamboo.

It is better to keep the mother bamboo in the latter period of the peak period of shoot. Because at this time, it has little effect on the yield of bamboo shoots, and does not affect the quality of mother bamboo. Too early, that is, high nutrient consumption, the growth of new bamboo is bound to suppress the growth of late bamboo shoots; too late will affect the quality of mother bamboo. The newly retained mother bamboo should be hooked in the autumn of that year, because the bamboo forest land of intensive management is loose and vulnerable to wind and snow, which can reduce and prevent the collapse caused by wind and snow.

Scientific digging bamboo shoots

1. There are three ways to dig winter bamboo shoots.

(1) comprehensively turn the soil and dig bamboo shoots: this method can be combined with loosening the soil in winter, carefully and deeply, and can be excavated at one time.

(2) digging bamboo shoots along the whip: select the 3-4-year-old mother bamboo, choose its pregnant bamboo shoot with dense branches and leaves, dark green leaves with several yellow leaves, dig shallow near it, and find yellow or brown strong whips. Winter bamboo shoots can be found mostly along the place where the bamboo whip extends downward, and the bamboo shoots can be taken out by cutting off the "screw" connecting the bamboo shoot and the whip.

(3) burrowing and digging bamboo shoots: winter bamboo shoots are the predecessor of spring shoots. Digging winter bamboo shoots can promote the growth of other bamboo shoots on bamboo whips, but in bamboo mountains where winter shoots are dug, the emergence of spring shoots will be delayed by more than 10 days. Most of the winter bamboo shoots are dug at one time in the dormant period, but it is best to dig in two times, once in the early winter and once again in the dormant period. Bamboo shoots are usually used to dig out winter bamboo shoots to promote the growth of other bamboo shoots into spring shoots, so it is said that "digging winter bamboo shoots and promoting spring shoots". Young bamboo mountains generally do not dig or less dig winter bamboo shoots.

2. The technique of digging spring bamboo shoots can be divided into two kinds: pool bamboo shoots and hairy bamboo shoots. those whose tips are not exposed to the ground are called bamboo shoots, and those whose tips have been exposed are called hairy shoots. Digging spring shoots should be carried out in batches according to the emergence of bamboo shoots sooner or later, and special attention should be paid to prevent bamboo whips from being broken when digging spring shoots. Cover the soil in time after digging bamboo shoots so as not to expose the bamboo whips.

3. Cultivation techniques and methods of digging bamboo shoots in summer and autumn.

The main results are as follows: (1) cultivation techniques of bamboo shoots: in May, a horizontal fertilization ditch was opened every 4-5 meters in the bamboo forest land, with a depth of 30-40 cm and a width of 60-80 cm. Dig out the old whip and bamboo whip in the ditch, retain the young and strong bamboo whip in the ditch, apply 1000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per mu, 24 kg of chemical fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5:4:3), and then cover the ditch with soil. This amount of fertilizer application can significantly increase the yield of bamboo shoots.

(2) the time and method of digging whip bamboo shoots: the length of the digging period of whip bamboo shoots is closely related to the fattening of bamboo forests. the shoot period with high level of fertilization is earlier and the final period is longer, and vice versa.

In general, when the top of the whip extends upward, the topsoil is cracked, and a few are exposed to the ground. From June to July and from October to November, bamboo shoots were dug every 7-10 days in the fertilizer ditch. When digging, shovel the topsoil and intercept the top whip tip, cover the soil after excavation, and cover the straw to keep the topsoil moist to promote the bamboo whip bifurcation and growth, in order to dig again.

In order not to affect the growth of bamboo whip, bamboo shoots were not dug from August to September. When digging bamboo shoots, it is necessary to do "strong whip weak dig, weak whip strong dig". Because strong whip weak digging can retain more bamboo shoot whip segments, weak whip strong digging can promote the exuberant growth of bamboo whip.