Scientific fertilization technology of cauliflower

Cauliflower is a vegetable, a variety of cabbage, cauliflower is a cruciferous plant, a leaf cauliflower production (20) seed broad, base obtuse, the edge is wavy, smooth glabrous, yellow-and-white flowers of the annual or biennial herbs. Leaves on the root, the main stem and branch stem, the stem is covered with small grains to form a flower, the flower is fleshy, the whole is like a large flower, the color is white and beautiful. Cauliflower is tender, sweet and delicious, and is easy to digest and absorb after eating.

Cauliflower is a very popular vegetable with delicious taste, high nutrition and high medicinal value. It is very rich in vitamin C, which is much higher than chili peppers. It also has anti-cancer effect, and its effect has been recognized by people all over the world. Cauliflower ranks first in terms of average nutritional value and disease prevention than other vegetables.

The content of vitamin C is higher than that of pepper

The nutrients in cauliflower are not only high, but also very comprehensive, including protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamin C and carotene. According to analysis, every 100 grams of fresh cauliflower contains 3.5-4.5 grams of protein, which is 3 times that of cauliflower and 4 times that of tomato. In addition, the mineral composition of cauliflower is more comprehensive than other vegetables, and the contents of calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, zinc and manganese are very rich, which is much higher than that of cauliflower, which also belongs to cruciferous family.

Many people think that tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables are the most rich in vitamin C. in fact, the vitamin C content of cauliflower is higher than them, but also significantly higher than other ordinary vegetables. Moreover, cauliflower has a wide range of vitamins, especially folic acid, which is an important reason why its nutritional value is higher than that of ordinary vegetables.

Scientific fertilization technology of cauliflower

First, the principle of fertilization. The so-called formula fertilization technology of cauliflower is a scientific and quantitative fertilization technology in cauliflower cultivation from traditional empirical fertilization method. According to the law of fertilizer demand of cauliflower crops, soil fertilizer supply performance and fertilizer effect put forward the reasonable proportion and amount of organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and all kinds of micro-fertilizer and the corresponding fertilization technology before crop sowing. The main results are as follows: 1. The characteristics of fertilizer demand: cauliflower has a long growth period and a large demand for nutrients, the most of which are nitrogen and potassium, and more phosphorus is needed in the period of flower head formation. In addition, the demand for boron, magnesium, calcium and molybdenum is also large. According to the research, cauliflower needs about 7.70kg-10.80kg pure nitrogen, 2.10kg-3.20kg phosphorus pentoxide and 9.20kg potassium oxide for every 1000 kg of cauliflower. Before budding, the nutrient absorption is less, and after budding, the demand for nutrients gradually increases. To the peak stage of flower bulb expansion, the nutrient demand is the most, and the absorption rate is the fastest. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the full supply of phosphorus and potassium nutrition in the process of flower bud differentiation and flower ball development. 2. Soil requirements: the soil for cauliflower growth is rich in organic matter, ph = 5.50-6.60, and sandy loam and loam with strong ability of water and fertilizer conservation are the most suitable soil. The soil moisture is required to reach 70%, 80%, and the air relative humidity is 80-90%. 3. Fertilization technology: ① basic fertilizer: early-maturing varieties have short and rapid growth period and high nutrient requirements in the early stage, organic manure is mainly livestock and poultry manure, combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer; on the contrary, middle and late-maturing varieties are mainly compost and barnyard manure, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The amount per mu is 1000-2000 kg of human and animal manure or 3000-5000 kg of barnyard manure combined with 45% compound fertilizer 20-25 kg. ② topdressing: combined with watering at seedling stage, ammonium sulfate was applied for the first time, 20 days later, dried manure or chicken manure 400-500kg / mu was applied and watered, the third topdressing was applied when the bud diameter reached 2-3 cm, and 45% compound fertilizer was applied for 20-25 kg. In the later stage, 0.20% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.20% borax can be sprayed on the leaves according to the specific conditions. Second, the principle of fertilization: 1. Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is secondary: the nitrate residue in cauliflower field is higher than that in organic fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilizer used in the production of pollution-free cauliflower must be mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by mineral chemical fertilizer and trace element fertilizer, and vigorously strengthen formula fertilization. 2. Limited use of nitrogen fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer is widely used in cauliflower production and is necessary for the whole growth period. When the nitrogen fertilizer is sufficient, the plant grows luxuriantly, the leaf color is thick green, and the yield is high. If there is no nitrogen fertilizer, the stem and leaf of the plant will be narrow and narrow, the leaf color will be yellow, and the yield and quality will decrease. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will also cause a sharp increase in nitrate content in vegetables, which is prone to diseases and insect pests. 3. Carry out balanced fertilization: in cauliflower cultivation, cauliflower has different requirements for various elements at different sowing dates. Nitrogen fertilizer is often used as leaf fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer as fruit fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as root fertilizer. It will have an adverse effect on the overall growth of cauliflower. 4. It is forbidden to list cauliflower immediately after applying nitrogen fertilizer: after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer, there must be a safe interval from the last application of nitrogen fertilizer to the product harvest and listing, and it should only be listed on the 8th day after the last application of nitrogen fertilizer. 5. Extra-root topdressing is strongly advocated. Plants mainly rely on roots to absorb nutrients, and leaves and tender stems can also absorb nutrients directly from the solution sprayed on its surface. Therefore, it should be strongly advocated. Urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as well as some trace elements, are suitable as extra-root topdressing. 6. The fertilization period was determined according to the physiological characteristics of cauliflower. Cauliflower does not need much nutrients at seedling stage, but needs more nutrients in the period of vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are generally used as base fertilizer before sowing and planting of cauliflower, and available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can be used as topdressing in the middle growth stage of cauliflower. The times of topdressing can be determined according to the growth and development of cauliflower, generally 1-2 times every 15-20 days. Third, the types of fertilizers used in cauliflower. In the production of pollution-free cauliflower, the fertilizers allowed for cauliflower are basically divided into four categories: ⑴ organic fertilizer: including human and animal manure, compost, retting, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw, mud fertilizer, cake fertilizer, plant ash, slag and so on. Except for plant ash and slag, the rest should be fully mature before application. After high temperature fermentation, organic manure can kill 100% of pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, and can reduce the volume and weight of 1pm 2-1pm 3, which is convenient for field transportation. In addition, the immature organic fertilizer is applied to the field and then fermented, which is easy to burn the vegetable root.) ⑵ biological bacteria fertilizer: including humic acid fertilizer, rhizobium fertilizer, phosphorus bacteria fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer and so on. ⑶ inorganic fertilizers: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate, which do not contain chlorine or nitrate nitrogen, as well as special fertilizers for cauliflower produced in various places. ⑷ trace element fertilizer: that is, the fertilizer is mainly made of copper, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum and other trace elements and beneficial elements. The general principle of formula fertilization for cauliflower is to apply fertilizer according to the growth process, what nutrients are lacking, what fertilizer is applied, how much fertilizer is missing, and how much fertilizer is applied; all localities should promote the technology of formula fertilization for cauliflower and promote the use of special fertilizer for cauliflower. This can not only coordinate the contradiction between soil and crop nutrient supply and demand, reduce the waste caused by blind application of too much nitrogen fertilizer, but also avoid the enrichment of phosphorus and excessive consumption of potassium in soil, which is helpful to maintain soil nutrient balance and improve soil fertility. lay the foundation for the sustainable development of cauliflower production.