How to control Fusarium wilt of taro

Taro is a common ingredient in our life, and Steamed Spare Ribs with Taro is one of the favorite dishes of the editor. I remember growing taro on the edge of Xiaobian's hometown pond. When it came to the Mid-Autumn Festival, our grandparents of the older generation had the habit of eating taro.

What is taro?

Taro, also known as taro, taro, the underground bulb of Araceae plants, the shape and meat quality vary from variety to variety, usually eaten as small taro. Perennial tuber often cultivated as an annual crop. The leaf is shield-shaped, the petiole is long and hypertrophic, green or purplish red; the base of the plant forms a short shrinking stem and gradually accumulates nutrients to form a fleshy bulb, called "taro" or "mother taro", spherical, ovoid, oval or massive, and so on. The mother taro has a brain bud in each node, but the axillary buds in the middle and lower nodes are the strongest, and the first tiller occurs to form a small corm called "son taro". Under suitable conditions, great-grandson or great-grandson taro can be formed.

Growth habits of Taro

Taro likes high temperature and humidity, is not tolerant to drought, is more tolerant to shade, and has the characteristics of aquatic plants, which can be cultivated in paddy field or dry land. The absorptive capacity of root system is weak, sufficient water is required in the whole growing period, and the clayey soil with rich, deep and strong water retention is suitable for wide adaptability to soil. the seed taro begins to germinate at 13: 15 ℃, the optimum temperature for growth is more than 20 ℃, the corm is formed under the condition of short day, and the optimum temperature for development is 27: 30 ℃. In case of low temperature and drought, the growth is poor, which seriously affects the yield.

Taro is rich in nutrition and contains a lot of starch, minerals and vitamins. It is not only a vegetable but also a grain. It can be cooked, dried or powdered. As the starch granule of taro is small, which is only 1/10 of that of potato starch, its digestibility can reach 98.8%. In taro processing, taro powder and mashed taro filling can be made to prolong preservation.

There are about 100 different kinds of taro; some are oval similar to sweet potatoes, while others are mostly round. Taro has a less strange shape than other tubers. Taro can grow up to 6 feet tall and have broad leaves; however, buds are edible after being scalded in boiling water. However, leaves and buds are less useful in western markets. On the other hand, the tuber part is dark brown, and the outer skin is annular and quite rough, with hair on it. The flesh has white, millet white and purplish gray, and some have pink or brown texture.

How to control Fusarium wilt of taro

1. Symptoms of Fusarium wilt of taro:

Taro Fusarium wilt, also known as dry rot, is one of the common and important diseases in taro producing areas. It is mainly parasitic on the stem, causing wilt or rot. The symptoms of mild onset were not obvious, and the old leaves yellowed rapidly. The seriously diseased plants showed poor growth, turning yellowish green, drying up early in autumn or lodging of stems and leaves, peeling off the corm, turning red in the cortex, and serious chunks turning reddish brown, resulting in dry rot or hollow.

2. The incidence regularity of Fusarium wilt of taro:

It often happens in summer and autumn. The disease is easy to occur when the temperature is 28-30 ℃. Continuous cultivation. There are many underground pests, which is easy to induce this disease. Extensive management, the soil is too dry or too wet, the disease is serious.

3. Prevention and control of Fusarium wilt of taro:

① seeds were sterilized. If necessary, seed taro can be soaked in 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, and then sowed directly after drying.

② agricultural control. Leave seeds from disease-free or disease-free plants, choose disease-free taro, it is best to use grandson taro or daughter taro, and use mother taro as little as possible. Carry out crop rotation for more than 3 years, remove the diseased and disabled bodies in time after harvest, and take them out of the field for deep burial or burning. High border or ridge cultivation was adopted, and the southern border was covered with rice straw or wheat straw to reduce the ground temperature.

Cultivation and Management of Taro

1. Soil preparation and trenching. After the ground is finished, ditch is opened according to 80mi 100cm row spacing, ditch width is 50cm, ditch depth is 35cm, and then fertilize in the ditch.

2. Fertilization. Taro needs a large amount of fertilizer and has a long growth period. First of all, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer, 2000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, and 60 kg of 48% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (16Mel 16). Topdressing should be applied in different stages, and there were 3 times of topdressing at seedling stage, sprouting stage and peak corm growth stage, mainly with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

3. Sow seeds. The sowing time is in the lower ground after the Qingming Festival (that is, in early April), the distance between the plant is about 50 cm, the seed and the ground are 5 cm, and the covering soil is 5 cm thick. It can also be cultivated with plastic film mulching.

4. Watering. Taro avoid dry soil, yellow leaves, withered leaves in case of drought, but the soil is too wet and stagnant water is also detrimental to root growth. Make the soil moisture sufficient at the seedling stage, and avoid watering it. In the seedling stage, the soil is dry and wet, and drainage should be paid attention to in case of rain.

5. Cultivate the soil by ploughing. At the seedling stage, combined with topdressing, the middle tillage killed the warm grass, and at the end of the seedlings, the cultivation ditch was flattened. After that, the soil will be cultivated once for more than 20 days, with a thickness of 7 cm, for a total of two times. The purpose of soil cultivation is to inhibit the terminal bud germination and growth of son taro and sun taro, reduce nutrient consumption, make taro fully expand and produce a large number of adventitious roots, and increase the ability of drought resistance. As the agricultural proverb says, "Taro is not cultivated, it is not planted." Combined with soil cultivation, according to the leaf area distribution density and season, the excess lateral buds should be removed as soon as possible so as not to consume nutrients and limit the growth of taro.

The cultivation of taro is mainly to prevent its Fusarium wilt. Fusarium wilt mainly occurs in the stem of taro, and if it is not treated and prevented in time, it will lead to a decline in the yield of taro, and in serious cases, it will lead to dryness or lodging of stems and leaves. Therefore, no matter which crop is planted, it is very important for the prevention of disease.