Scientific cultivation and management techniques of lentil

I think a lot of people have eaten lentils, although it looks flat, the appearance is not very eye-catching, but its beauty is inside. Lentil is a common vegetable in our life, its taste is very good, and the market price is not very expensive.

What is lentil?

Lentil, Lablab purpureus (Linn.) Sweet, general name lentil, alias falx lentil, rattan bean, along the hedge bean, magpie bean, chabou, moon vegetable, dicotyledonous plant class. There are also many kinds, such as white lentils, purple lentils, oil beans, snake beans, pig ear beans (shaped like pig ears). It is a perennial, twining vine of the genus Lentil of Leguminosae. It's a legume plant. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with red and white flowers and green, light green, pink or purplish red pods. The use of young pods as vegetable food, white flowers and white seeds as medicine is beneficial to the elimination of summer dampness and evil qi, invigorating the spleen and relieving diarrhea, while lentils have a significant role in regression of tumor.

The plant shape of lentils

Annual twining herbs. Leaflets 3, terminal leaflet rhomboid-broadly ovate, lateral leaflets obliquely rhomboid-broadly ovate,-10 cm long, 4.5 Mel 10.5 cm wide, apex mucronate or acuminate, base broadly cuneate or subtruncate, white pubescent on both surfaces along leaf veins. Racemes axillary; 4 flowers clustered on nodes of inflorescence axis; upper 2 teeth nearly completely connate, the other 3 teeth nearly equal; Corolla white or purplish red, with 2 appendages on both sides of flag petals; ovary sericeous, basal glands, style white bearded near tip. Pods flat, falcate or semi-elliptic, 5 mi 7 cm long; seeds 3 mi 5, flat, oblong, white or purplish black. Flowering and fruiting period from July to September.

Lentils are rich in nutrients, including protein, fat, sugars, calcium, phosphorus, iron and food fiber, provitamin An and vitamin B1. Vitamin B2. Vitamin C and cyanoglycoside, tyrosinase, etc., lentil coat is particularly rich in B vitamins. In addition, there are phospholipids, sucrose and glucose. In addition, lentils also contain hemagglutinin, which is a protein substance, which can increase the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, inhibit immune reaction and the movement of white blood cells and lymphocytes, so it can activate the lymphocytes of tumor patients to produce lymphotoxin, which has a non-specific harmful effect on body cells, so it has a significant role in regression of tumor. Tumor patients should often eat lentils, which has a certain auxiliary dietotherapy effect. Lentil gas fragrance but not string, mild and yellowish color, and the spleen is the most suitable.

Scientific cultivation and management techniques of lentil

First, cultivate strong seedlings

1. Choose bed to fertilize. The non-continuous cropping fields with high topography, convenient drainage and irrigation and good performance of water and fertilizer conservation were selected as the seedling bed of lentils. The soil was carefully prepared and fully fertilized 15-20 days before sowing. Generally, 100-120kg of high-quality mature human and animal manure, 1.2-1.5kg of cake fertilizer and 12% of phosphate fertilizer (P2O512%) 0.5kg were applied every 3.5m2, and the requirements of no dark soil and mixed soil and fertilizer were achieved. Then a nutrition bowl with a diameter of 7cm was made, and a 4m wide middle shed was framed with bamboo and polyethylene non-drop film at the same time.

2. Seedbed management. The excellent varieties with low temperature tolerance, fast growth rate, more pods and early pods, less fiber, crisp taste and strong stress resistance were selected, such as Shanghai white lentils, red gluten lentils and so on. In the first ten days of December of that year, the seedlings were sown in fine weather, and after sowing, a small arch shed was set up in the middle shed to keep the temperature in the small arch shed about 25 ℃. If the temperature exceeds this temperature, pay attention to ventilation to adjust the greenhouse temperature to prevent high temperature burning seedlings, or to form tall seedlings; when the outdoor temperature drops below 6 ℃, cover the grass curtain on the small arch shed to keep warm, cover the grass curtain day and night to prevent the formation of old stiff seedlings at low temperature. The squatting seedlings were carried out 15-20 days before transplanting, and when the main vine grew 4-5 true leaves, it was necessary to topping and pruning timely to promote the growth of seed vines, generally retaining 3-4 strong vines per plant.

II. Rational fertilization

1. Fertilizer consumption and operation. The lentil cultivated with multi-layer mulch has a long growth period, a long flowering and podding period, a large amount of fertilizer, and a high requirement for nutrient distribution ratio. Generally, pure N20-25kg, P2O510-12kg and K2O18-20kg are applied per 667m2; the ratio of organic fertilizer to inorganic fertilizer is 45Ru 55; the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing fertilizer is 60:40; fertilizer operation: the distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer for one base and three topdressing is 615, 11.5 and 1.5. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are based on one base and one pursuit, and the distribution ratio is 6:4.

2. Fertilizer application and methods. According to the fertilizer demand characteristics of lentil, the principle of fertilizer application is heavy base fertilizer, light topdressing and repeated application of pod fertilizer to meet the needs of early inflorescence, early flowering and pod formation. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, 1000-1200 kg of high quality mature organic fertilizer (chicken ash) is applied before planting, and seedling fertilizer is applied after planting, 300-500kg and urea 2-3kg are applied per 667m2 of high quality mature organic fertilizer (human and animal manure). After the first batch of tender pods of lentils were harvested, 30-40kg sulfuric acid series compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O = 10.6 12kg 0.9, total nutrients 40%) or urea 10-12kg, phosphate fertilizer (P2O512%) 20-25kg, potash fertilizer (K2O50%) 8-10kg were applied every 667m2, and urea 3-5kg was applied according to the seedling condition after each batch harvest, so as to promote its inflorescence, bloom and increase the yield per unit area. The vigorous growth can reduce the dosage and the number of replenishment. Fertilizer application method Base fertilizer was applied to the soil by surface application followed by ploughing and soil preparation, and topdressing was applied in strips or holes at 15-20cm from the root. At the same time, the foliar fertilizer containing boron, molybdenum and other trace elements was sprayed 3-4 times per 667 square meters at flowering and pod stage, the dosage was 100-120g each time, and the interval was 7-10 days to improve the quality of lentils.

III. Field management

1. Timely planting. In order to strive for lentil to be put on the market early, it should be planted in time, and the planting density should be arranged according to row spacing of 1.6m and plant spacing of 0.5-0.8m. For the lentils planted in the middle of February, a double-layer greenhouse with a width of 10 m and three layers of a small arch shed were used to cover the heat preservation. If the temperature was low, the grass curtain was covered on the small arch shed at night; the lentils were transplanted in the middle of March. 4 m wide middle shed and small arch shed were used to cover the heat preservation. After the lentil was planted, the temperature in the small arch shed was kept at 20-30 ℃, but not more than 35 ℃.

2. Prune and pick the heart. When the lentil vine grows to 40-50cm after transplanting, it should be put on the shelf in time, and the height of the frame should be controlled at about 1.5m. For lentils cultivated with multi-layer mulch, because of its early sowing, long growth period and easy growth of branches and leaves, it should be topped and heart-picked in time to promote inflorescence development, early flowering, early pod setting and early listing; timely pruning in full pod stage is an important technical measure to prolong harvest time. The method is that after the lentil is planted, when the vine grows to 100-120cm, the heart is picked in time to promote the lower part to produce more lateral buds, more blossoms and more pods. In the peak podding period, the old leaves of the lower branches and the side branches with few pods should be cut off to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, especially in the high temperature season, so as to control the overgrowth of plants and prolong the podding time. Increase yield per unit area and output efficiency.

3. Uncover the film and regulate moisture. The lentils cultivated with multi-layer mulching should uncover the film and remove the shed in time in spring, uncover the small shed in the plain area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River when the temperature rises from late March to early April, and uncover the middle greenhouse or double-layer greenhouse film when the first batch of lentils are harvested in the first and middle of May. Due to the great influence of water on the growth and development of lentils, the growth of lentils is slow and the early seedlings can not meet the requirements of early development because of the lack of water supply at the seedling stage. If the water supply is insufficient at the flowering and podding stage, it will affect its flowering and podding, thus affecting its yield and quality. Therefore, when the soil moisture is poor and the plant leaves wilt at noon, we should pay attention to replenishing water in order to ensure the normal growth and development of lentils and improve the yield and quality. After removing the shed, lentils enter the open field growth period, when the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River enter the plum rain season, Rain Water is more concentrated, at this time to open a set of (horizontal, vertical, encircling) ditches in the field to prevent the harm of light, waterlogging and dark stains.

Control of diseases and insect pests of lentils

1. Prevention and control of diseases at seedling stage. The main diseases in seedling stage of lentil cultivated with multi-layer mulch were blight and quenching. Bed soil disinfection prevention and control with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 8-10g plus dry fine soil 0.5-1.5kg mixed with medicinal soil, sprinkled on the seedling bed before sowing, and the remaining soil was sprinkled on the seeds after sowing; in the early stage of the seedling disease, the seedlings and the bed were sprayed with 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder, every 5-7d1 times, 2-3 times.

2. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests at flower and pod stage. The main diseases and insect pests in flower and pod stage are Botrytis cinerea, leaf miner, bean wild borer, Spodoptera litura and so on. Because of the fast infection speed and strong drug resistance of Botrytis cinerea, the combination of agricultural control and chemical control should be adopted in the prevention and control. Agricultural control: strengthening the environmental control of the greenhouse, requiring suitable temperature and low humidity, strengthening exhaust air dehumidification, timely manual removal of diseased leaves and pods, and deep burial outside the shed, which is helpful to prevent the occurrence and development of the disease.

Chemical control: when it is found that the leaf disease of Botrytis cinerea occurs sporadically, the whole plant is sprayed with 50% Sukeling wettable powder or 50% Prohydantoin wettable powder 800-1000 times in the sunny morning, and ventilated and humidified, spraying 2-3 times continuously, each time at an interval of 5-7 days. In the period from the peak spawning period to the early stage of hatching, 2.5% EC was sprayed 2-3 times with an interval of 5-7 days.

The control agents of bean wild borer can be sprayed with 2.5% EC 1500 times and 1.8% avermectin 4000-5000 times, and sprayed on the inflorescence at 8-10:00 in the morning and at full bloom, with an interval of 5-7 days. Pods are applied during the activity of insect pests in the evening. Spodoptera litura selected 1000 times of Yitaibao or 10% of 3000-5000 times, and sprayed at the pods when the pests came out in the morning or evening. However, the interval between the last drug use and harvest should be more than 20 days.

Although many people have eaten lentils, many people are not very familiar with its planting and growth. In the process of planting lentils, although it is important to master certain methods and techniques, certain pest prevention methods and techniques are also important.