Key points of garlic cultivation and management in spring

Garlic Allium sativum L. (Garlic) belongs to the genus Allium of Liliaceae, which is used in medicine with bulbs. Harvest in spring and [purple garlic] in summer, tie the handle, hang the ventilated place, dry in the shade and set aside. When the leaves are withered in June, remove the sediment, ventilate and dry or bake until the outer skin is dry. Garlic is oblate or short conical, with gray-white or light brown membranous scales on the outside, peeled off the scale leaves, with 6-10 cloves inside, whorled around the flower stem, the base of the stem is discoid, and there are many fibrous roots. Each garlic clove is wrapped in a thin film and peeled off to see white, thick and succulent scales. There is a strong smell of garlic, spicy taste.

Growth habits of garlic

1. Temperature: like cold and cool, the suitable temperature is-5-26 ℃. Garlic seedlings have the strongest cold tolerance at 4-5 leaf stage, which is the most suitable for overwintering Miaoling.

2.Illumination: the garlic that finished the spring flower began to differentiate the flower bud and scale bud under the condition of more than 13 hours of long sunshine and higher temperature, and was only suitable for stem and leaf growth in the cold environment of short day sunshine.

3. Moisture: like dampness and fear drought.

4. Soil and nutrition: the requirement of soil is not strict, but the fertile loam which is rich in organic matter, loose and permeable, strong water retention and drainage is more suitable.

Key points of cultivation and management of garlic in spring

With the rise of temperature, garlic entered the green growth period. Before and after the Spring Equinox, reached the bad mother period (also known as the withdrawal period). Due to the influence of continuous low temperature and drought weather in last winter and this spring, the growth of garlic is affected, the seedling condition is poor, and there are more weak seedling garlic fields, so the management must be strengthened.

1. Management during the rejuvenation period. Before and after turning green, plant growth regulators or amino acid foliar fertilizer can be sprayed to enhance stress resistance and prevent the damage of late spring cold to garlic. After the Spring Equinox, garlic is in the "rotten mother stage", this period is easy to occur garlic maggots, pay attention to spraying to control seed flies.

2. Management during the growing period of garlic bolts. Control onion flies and seed flies began in April, spraying once every 7-10 days, twice in a row. Garlic leaf blight and Botrytis cinerea were controlled from late April, spraying once every 10 days and 2-3 times before bolting. Plastic film garlic should be after "Qingming Festival", after the temperature is stable, remove plastic film and weeds, apply 20 kg diammonium or potash fertilizer per mu, spray high efficiency foliar fertilizer, and then irrigate once. Pay attention to stop watering one week before bolting in order to facilitate bolting.

3. Management of garlic expansion period. After bolting, water once (10-15kg high potassium fertilizer can be flushed with water), and before harvest, the ground is watered twice according to the weather to keep the ground moist to meet the moisture needs of garlic in the later stage, and spraying disease prevention drugs and foliar fertilizer at the same time to consolidate the effect of preventing and controlling garlic diseases and ensure a good harvest of garlic.

4. Fertilizer and water management. The luxuriant growth period of bolting garlic, that is, the period of garlic clove differentiation and the growth of garlic bolting, is in the midst of spring drought, and the expansion of garlic leaf area requires more fertilizer and water, so it should be watered every 7 days, and stop watering for 4 days before bolting, so as to avoid brittle and tender bolting. Combined watering, 15 kg urea per mu and 10 kg 3 × 16% ternary compound fertilizer were applied. At the same time, 200 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other foliar fertilizer could be used for foliar topdressing for 3 times.

5. Disease and pest control. Carex garlic mainly has diseases such as purple spot and leaf blight in spring. Purple spot mainly damages leaves and garlic bolts. The disease spot is oval and has concentric wheel patterns. You can use 64% disinfectant alum wettable powder 500x liquid, or 50% chlorothalonil wettable powder solution 600x liquid, or 1000 times prohydantoin solution spray control, spray once every 7ml 10 days, even spray 3ml 4 times. Leaf blight mostly begins at the tip of the leaf, the disease spot is irregular grayish brown, on which there is a black mildew. Can be sprayed with 70% mancozeb wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 90% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 500 times liquid, once every 7 days, a total of 3 times. The main pest is thrips, which can be sprayed with 1500 times of chrysanthemum EC, 1200 times of enemy kill and 800x of dimethoate EC.

6. Spray regulator. When bolting garlic protrudes the terminal leaf, spraying 920 growth regulator once, adding 50 kg water per gram, evenly spraying can increase the yield of garlic bolting.