Field greenhouse planting technique of Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora, also known as high melon, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots, bamboo shoots. It is a perennial perennial herb of the genus Gramineae. It is divided into double season Zizania latifolia and single season Zizania latifolia (or divided into one mature Zizania latifolia and two cropping Zizania latifolia). The yield of double cropping Zizania latifolia (double cropping Zizania latifolia) is higher and the quality is good. The ancients called Zizania latifolia "Zizania latifolia". Before the Tang Dynasty, Zizania caduciflora was cultivated as a food crop, and its seeds were called rice or carved Hu, which was one of the "six grains" (millet, sorghum, wheat and wild rice).

Morphological characteristics of Zizania caduciflora

The height of the plant is 1.6 to 2 meters. The root is fibrous root, which is circular on the tillering nodes and stolon nodes, 20-70cm in length and 2-3mm in diameter. It is mainly distributed in the underground 30cm soil layer with a large number of roots. For perennial aquatic herbs. With rhizome, the aboveground stem can produce 23 tillers. The formation of tiller clusters, culms erect, stout, there are adventitious roots at the base, the main stem and tiller branches into reproductive growth, if the base is parasitized by Zizania caduciflora, it can not grow normally, forming oval or nearly round fleshy stems. Leaf blade flattened, long lanceolate, 30100 cm long and ca. 3 cm wide, apex awn-acuminate, base slightly contracted or narrowed, generally upper and margin scabrid, lower smooth, midrib raised abaxially. The leaf sheath is long and thick, embracing each other to form a "pseudostem". Flower and fruit autumn and winter, panicles large, 3060 cm long, much branched, ascending or spreading. Caryopsis Terete. Often cultivated as vegetables. The plants that are not parasitized by fungi are called wild Zizania latifolia, male Zizania caduciflora and Zizania caduciflora. It is wild in the Shanghai area.

Field greenhouse planting technique of Zizania caduciflora

1. Variety selection

Select varieties which are suitable for local planting, such as high yield and high quality, strong tillering, good stress resistance, clean and smooth Zizania caduciflora, thin skin, delicate texture, good marketability, good economic benefits, and are favored by the market.

two。 Field selection

It is appropriate to select fields with low-lying terrain, fertile and loose soil, high content of organic matter, deep tillage layer, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water quality, no industrial "three wastes" pollution, and no continuous planting of Zizania caduciflora.

3. Select and retain excellent seedlings and plant them closely in a reasonable manner.

The seed of Zizania caduciflora with neat plant type, high pregnant rate, hypertrophy of flesh, low position of bearing, no male and gray, low tillering node and mature Zizania latifolia were selected. At the end of March and the beginning of April, the seed pier was dug and planted, one seedling and one hole, the density of sending seedlings was 30 × 40 cm, and the ratio of seedling field to Honda was 1:10. Planting began in early July, with a planting density of 100-80 × 50 cm, 2 plants per hole, 1500 holes / mu. If the leaves of the seedlings are too long, the upper leaves should be cut off in time to reduce the nutrient consumption of the plants. The greenhouse is 6 meters wide, with 70 cm left on the edge of the film, with a total of 6 rows.

4. Clean up the Zizania caduciflora field and apply sufficient basic fertilizer

By the middle of December, it is necessary to cut off the dead leaves of the above-ground plants, clean the countryside and burn them centrally, so as to reduce the overwintering base of insect population and germs. There are more weeds in the Zizania caduciflora field. 5-6 days before the shed, the stagnant water in the field is released and 40 kg of water is sprayed with 1 kg of 10% glyphosate water. Irrigate the shallow water 2-3 days before the shed, apply 120-150 kg of special organic fertilizer or 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu.

5. Build a shed for heat preservation and careful management

At the end of December, the Winter Solstice was covered with plastic film before and after to prevent frost. Zizania caduciflora greenhouse mainly adopts bamboo greenhouse, which is 6 meters wide and 1.8-2 meters high, with columns in the middle and the length determined by field blocks. The film is a multi-functional drip-free film with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a width of 8 m. The greenhouse was mainly sealed and insulated during the year, and the temperature changed sharply after the Beginning of Spring the following year. It should still be sealed and insulated at night, and should be inspected and observed frequently during the day. Usually, both ends should be ventilated when the weather is mild; when the weather is fine, when the temperature in the shed exceeds 32 ℃, the edge film and both ends should be ventilated; in case of continuous overcast and rainy weather, ventilation should be strengthened, which is beneficial to strong seedlings and reduce the rate of pregnant Zizania caduciflora. Generally, the film will be uncovered before and after the Qingming Festival.

6. The seedlings are fixed and topdressing is skillfully applied.

The temperature began to rise at the end of February and the beginning of March, and the plants of Zizania caduciflora grew rapidly. When the plant height was 30-40 cm, it was necessary to delete seedlings in the shed, leaving about 20 strong seedlings per pier, so that the effective seedlings per mu could reach about 30,000. When cutting seedlings, it can be combined with weeding in the field, remove weeds on the edge of the field, and improve the air permeability of the soil. At the same time, the cultivated field can press the mud in the rhizosphere of Zizania caduciflora to spread the tillers and improve the nutritional status. Under the premise of deleting seedlings, apply strong stalk fertilizer in time according to seedling color, and generally apply 25-30 kg compound fertilizer per mu. At the end of March, Zizania latifolia was gradually pregnant with flat culms. When 30% of the plants were pregnant, Zizania latifolia fertilizer was skillfully applied depending on the color of the leaves, and 5-6 kg of urea could be applied per mu to ensure the nutrients needed after Zizania latifolia was pregnant and to ensure the fat and purity of Zizania latifolia meat.

7. Protect Zizania latifolia with mud and harvest in time

At the end of March and the beginning of April, Zizania caduciflora has been pregnant one after another, and at this time it is necessary to harvest artificial nest mud to protect it. Nest mud should be carried out in stages, one plant of pregnant Zizania caduciflora should be seen in each pier, and with the continuous extension of Zizania caduciflora, the height of mud should be 5-20 cm, which should not exceed the eye of Zizania caduciflora. As the plant is pregnant first and then, it is necessary to harvest the mud at the same time to promote the individual hypertrophy of Zizania caduciflora. When Zizania caduciflora grows to the heart leaf to contract, the left and right leaf pillows contract to be flat, and the middle is expanded to slightly expose the chest.