Cultivation techniques of Potato covered with plastic Film

Potato is a perennial herb of Solanaceae, and its tuber is edible. It is the third most important food crop in the world, after wheat and corn. Potatoes, also known as ground eggs, potatoes, potato, etc., are tubers of Solanaceae. Together with wheat, corn, rice and sorghum, it has become the world's top five crops. Potatoes are native to the Andes of South America, and the history of artificial cultivation can be traced back to southern Peru from about 8000 to 5000 BC. Potatoes are mainly produced by China, Russia, India, Ukraine, the United States and so on. China is the country that produces the most potatoes in the world.

Morphological characteristics of potatoes:

Herbs, underground stems lumpy, oblate or 15-80 cm tall, glabrous or sparsely pilose. The stem is divided into two parts: the above ground stem and the underground stem. Oblong, about 3-10 cm in diameter, the skin is white, reddish or purple. The color of potato skin is white, yellow, pink, red, purple and black, and the meat of potato is white, yellowish, yellow, black, cyan, purple and dark purple. Plants grown from seeds form slender taproots and branched lateral roots, while plants propagated from tubers have no taproot but only whisker roots. The aboveground stem is rhomboid and hairy. The primary leaf is simple, entire. With the growth of the plant, odd and unequal pinnately compound leaves were gradually formed.

Leaflets often alternate in size, 10-20 cm long; petiole ca. 2.5-5 cm; leaflets, 6-8 pairs, ovate to oblong, maximum up to 6 cm long and 3.2 cm wide, smallest less than 1 cm in length and width, apex pointed, base slightly unequal, entire, white sparsely pilose on both surfaces, lateral veins 6-7 on each side, apex slightly curved, petiolule ca. 1-8 mm. Corymbose terminal, posterior lateral, flowers white or blue-purple; calyx campanulate, ca. 1 cm in diam., outside sparsely pilose, 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, apex long acuminate; Corolla radiate, ca. 2.5-3 cm in diameter, Corolla tube concealed in calyx, ca. 2 mm long, limb ca. 1.5 cm long, lobes 5, triangular, ca. 5 mm long; stamens ca. 6 mm, anthers 5 times as long as filament length Ovary ovoid, glabrous, style ca. 8 mm, stigma capitate. Potatoes globose, smooth, green or purplish brown, about 1.5 cm in diameter. Seeds reniform, yellow. Flowering in summer.

Cultivation techniques of Potato covered with plastic Film

Most of the growth period of plastic film potato is in the winter idle stage, and the management is simple, so it is especially suitable for intercropping and interplanting with other crops in agricultural areas as a winter agricultural development project.

First, deep ploughing and soil preparation before winter, early application of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

The sandy soil suitable for potato growth was selected and ploughed deeply for 3 times after late rice or cotton harvest. In the first and middle of January, rotten stable manure or ash 2000-3000kg per mu of deep tillage was applied as base fertilizer to promote soil ripening and loosening. At the end of January and the beginning of February, the ditch was covered with 1-1.2m (the width of the ditch was about 30cm). After the ditch was opened in the center of the border, the ternary compound fertilizer 40kg was applied as the base fertilizer per mu.

Second, first use improved varieties, fine sprouting.

Plastic film potato should choose early and middle ripening varieties such as Hubei potato No. 1, Sichuan taro early, Nanzhong 552 and so on, so as to avoid high temperature potato. 20 days before sowing, the seed potato was cut into pieces (more than 50g/ seeds) or the whole potato (20-30g/ grains) was sprouted, and the seeds were soaked in 1-2mg/L gibberellin solution for 10 minutes. After gibberellin treatment, it is covered with wet river sand or wet straw and placed in the greenhouse to promote sprouting, ensuring that the temperature is 18 ℃ and the air humidity is about 70%. It can sprout after 10 days, let the seed potato see light when the bud grows 1cm, and promote the greening of potato buds.

Third, sow seeds at the right time and plant them closely in a reasonable manner.

Before sowing, there is a high ridge at the 20cm on both sides of the border, the ridge is high 30cm, and then the 10cm shallow trench is opened on the ridge surface, and the germinated seed potato is planted in the ditch. The plant spacing is 20cm, sowing 7000 holes per mu, sowing 150-200kg, covering the border surface with fine soil after sowing, and then covering the border surface with 1 m wide micro-film, compacting around. Plastic film potato sowing temperature is still low, mainly to root, bud growth is very slow. Potatoes emerge one after another at the beginning of March, so it is necessary to break the membrane and release the seedlings in time.

Fourth, topdressing and cultivating soil.

After emergence, potatoes should be raised twice with rare manure and urine according to the seedling condition. In the middle of April, the potato should be re-fertilized, 2000kg in human manure and compound fertilizer 10kg per mu should be used to water the nest, or burying manure in the interplant. Plastic film potatoes are generally not short of water, but during the potato growing period (mid-April to mid-May), the water level is no more than half of the depth of the ditch. Special attention should be paid to soil cultivation at the budding stage, on the one hand, it can remove weeds in the film, on the other hand, it can promote potatoes to form more creeping branches, avoid stolons protruding out of the soil into aboveground branches, or prevent potatoes from turning green in light, which plays an important role in increasing production.

Fifth, harvest in time.

In the middle and last ten days of May, the harvest time can be flexibly mastered according to the market and the situation of the following crop, picking up the big and staying small, and harvesting in batches.

Six, two kinds of interlock mode.

1. Potatoes + watermelons + late rice: potatoes make beds according to 1Mel 1.2m, leaving one empty border for watermelon reservation for every 3 rows sowed during sowing; watermelon seedlings are raised in early April, watermelons are transplanted on both sides of the empty border according to 0.5 plant spacing in late April, one row or two rows, potatoes are trenched in the middle of the empty border after harvest, and the two wide rows of watermelons are parallel to each other, forming a wide border of 4144.5m, and 550 watermelons are planted per mu. Late rice was planted after watermelon was harvested in mid-July.

2. Potato + hybrid cotton: when the potato is sown, the furrow is 2m to make the border, the width of the border is 1.7m, and each side of the border is sown with a row of potatoes. Hybrid cotton seedlings were raised in early April, and two rows of cotton were transplanted in the middle of the border from late April to early May, with narrow row spacing of 0.8m, wide row spacing of 1.2m and plant spacing of 0.4m. After potato harvest, trenches were drawn between two narrow rows of cotton in the middle of the border to form a new furrow and border surface, so that two wide rows of cotton formed a row, and two narrow rows of cotton were on both sides of the border.