High-yield cultivation measures of mustard in winter

Mustard (Brassica juncea) is an annual or biennial herb of Brassica in Cruciferae. It is a famous vegetable native to China. It is a commonly used vegetable cultivated all over the country, mostly distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River. The main and lateral roots of mustard are distributed in a soil layer of about 30 cm. The stem is a short shrinking stem, and the leaves are in the shape of oval, oval, obovoid, lanceolate, etc., with green, dark green, light green, yellow-green, green lines or purplish red. It is rarely cultivated in Europe and the United States and originated in Asia. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records the medical value of medical mustard.

Morphological characteristics of mustard

Mustard (original variety) annual herbs, 30-150 cm tall, often glabrous, sometimes young stems and leaves prickly, powdery, spicy; stems erect, branched. Basal leaves broadly ovate to Obovate, 15-35 cm long, tip rounded-obtuse, base cuneate, pinnatifid, with 2-3 pairs of lobes, or indehiscent, margin notched or dentate, petiole 3-9 cm long, with lobules; lower stem leaves smaller, margin notched or dentate, sometimes obtusely serrate, not clasping. Upper leaves of stem narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm long and 4-9 mm wide, margin inconspicuously sparsely dentate or entire. Racemes terminal, elongated after anthesis; flowers yellow, 7-10 mm in diam.; pedicels 4-9 mm long; sepals yellowish, oblong-elliptic, 4-5 mm long, erect; petals Obovate, 8-10 mm long, 4-5 mm long. Siliques linear, 3-5.5 cm long and 2-3.5 mm wide, petals with 1 prominent midrib; beak 6-12 mm long; fruiting pedicel 5-15 mm long. Seeds globose, ca. 1 mm in diam., purple-brown. The flowering period is from March to May and the fruiting period is from May to June.

High-yield cultivation measures of mustard in winter

First, the variety chooses leaf mustard to prefer cold and humid climate. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-20 ℃. The excellent varieties suitable for local winter cultivation are Chaozhou mustard in Guangdong, Taiwan farmer mustard king, Thailand Zhengda mustard, Fujian leaf mustard, Guangxi shepherd's purse, Guangdong southern mustard and so on.

II. Seedling management

1. Seedling site selection

For the land with high dryness and fertile soil, 1500kg human feces and urine plus 50kg superphosphate were applied as basic fertilizer per 667m2, ploughing and sunning first, and rice straw was put on the soil to burn and disinfect the soil. Then, together with the ash, make the box finely. 50g seeds per 66.7m2 can be used for seedlings in 1334m2 land. Cover the fine soil of 0.5cm after sowing.

2. Sowing time

The best sowing time in Nanan City is around the National Day (that is, August 15 to 20 of the lunar calendar), planting in the first and middle of November, when the temperature is still high, which is beneficial to the early growth of the plant. From the end of November to the middle of December, during the period of Lesser Snow and heavy snow solar terms, the temperature was lower, soft rot and downy mildew occurred less, which could reduce the amount of pesticide application and pesticide residues in vegetables during the vigorous growth of mustard.

3. The seedlings are fixed

When the first true leaf appeared in the seedlings, the seedlings were interleaved for the first time, and the overgrown seedlings and variant seedlings were removed. To 2 true leaves, the second time between seedlings, and finally keep the distance between seedlings 5cm square. It was colonized to 5 to 6 true leaves. If the growth is not good during the growth period, you can use thin rotten pig manure plus a little urea to apply. During the period of raising seedlings, it is necessary to prevent the harm of aphids, jumping beetles and underground pests. III. Field management

1. Field preparation

The farmland with neutral soil, high fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation and good water quality should be selected. After the late rice was harvested, base fertilizer was applied directly in the paddy field. Then plough deep ditch, furrow soil on the border (mainly on both sides), according to the plant row spacing positioning, broken soil, hole, planting, labor-saving, seasonal initiative.

2. Reasonable close planting

Generally choose the time of cold tail and warm head to plant in the first and middle of November. Deep trench high border, border width 1.0m, row spacing 50cm, plant spacing 50cm, triangular arrangement of planting holes, about 2600 plants per 667m2. After putting the seedlings into the hole, each 667m2 is mixed with ternary compound fertilizer 15kg and burning soil, then cover the root, then cover the soil, and press properly.

3. Ploughing and weeding

Before closing the row, loosen the topsoil, eliminate weeds, aerate the soil, and pay attention to the soil not to bury the heart of cabbage. The ditch soil should be cleaned evenly. To facilitate drainage and irrigation. 4. Fertilizer and water management

(1) Water management

Water once after planting and again in the evening the next day. Depending on the weather, it will be irrigated every 6 times every 7 days. In the early stage, light irrigation is the main method to keep the soil wet. In the middle and later period, the ditch irrigation can be gradually carried out, but the irrigation is only suitable for the border. Stop irrigation a week before the harvest. To facilitate storage, transportation and processing.

(2) rational fertilization

After the colonization survived, human feces and urine should be applied thinly once. The second topdressing combined with irrigation was applied with compound fertilizer 7.5kg plus urea 2.5kg per 667m2, the third topdressing was carried out 20 days after emergence, and compound fertilizer 10kg plus urea 5kg was applied per 667m2. For the last time, urea 20kg was applied per 667m2, plus compound fertilizer 12.5kg and potassium chloride 7.5kg. In the later growth stage, organic fertilizer rich potassium 1 packet + nutritive nucleotide 1 packet was sprayed in each sprayer barrel.

5. Pest control

The main diseases of mustard are soft rot, downy mildew, anthracnose and so on. At the initial stage of the onset of soft rot, the roots were drenched with agricultural streptomycin 2000-fold solution or sprayed with 500-fold solution, downy mildew was controlled with radomyl or metalaxyl, and anthracnose was controlled with 8-1000-fold solution.

The main insect pests are aphids, yellow beetles, cabbage insects and so on. Aphids and yellow striped jumping beetles are controlled with 3000 times of 10% heroes or 1500 times of an Lubao. The young larvae of Pieris rapae are the best time to control the pest, which can be controlled with 2500 times of 5% fipronil, 1500 times of Yitaibao or 1500 times of Awei Chong Qing. IV. Timely harvest

The harvest time of high-yield cultivation is from February to March of the following year, mustard is generally harvested before the beginning of flowering, and the harvest quality becomes worse after flowering.