How to cultivate cumin for high yield

Fennel, also known as Xiaohuaixiang, also known as coriander, cumin, fennel seed, millet (Sichuan, Guizhou), fragrant, tender leaves for vegetables, is the stem of cumin, is the dried ripe fruit of Umbelliferae plant fennel. It originated in Tang Materia Medica. Su Song said that people in the north call it fennel, and the sound is similar to Huaixiang. Tao Hongjing said: boil smelly meat, under a little, no odor, smelly sauce into the end also fragrant, so it is called fennel. Li Shizhen said that slang and vulgarity are often chewed in the name of incense, or in this way. The fruit (cumin) is used as spice and medicine, and the root, leaf and whole grass can also be used as medicine.

Morphological characteristics of fennel

Perennial herbs, 40-200 cm high, the whole plant surface is powdery, glabrous, with strong aroma. Stem erect, smooth, grayish green or pallid [1], branched. Leaves 3-4-pinnately compound, final leaflet linear, 4-40 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide; petiole ca. 14 cm, base sheathlike clasping. Inflorescences terminal; total pedicels 4-25 cm long, involucre and bracteoles absent; rays 8-20, unequal; flowers small, yellow; no calyx teeth; petals 45, broadly ovate, distally inward-curled, retuse; stamens 5, longer than petals; ovary inferior, 2-loculed, style 2. The hanging fruit is oblong, with 5 raised edges, flowering from June to July and fruiting from September to October.

Cumin is a dicotyledonous spring crop with long sunshine, semi-cold tolerance, early tolerance and cold tolerance, which is more tolerant to drought but not resistant to waterlogging. The growth period is 65-85 days after emergence. The growth process is fast, 35-45 days after emergence to the initial flowering stage, flowering in the first and middle of May, fruit from late May to the first and middle of June, and harvest in the middle of June. The conventional plant height is 30cm to 55cm, and the stem is pseudo-bifurcated. Leaves alternate, leaf blade Ternate-split leaves, with narrow lanceolate leaf sheaths. Umbels 1-2 cm in diameter, white or blue-white, with 5-7 single flowers, double hanging fruits are oblong-ovate, 5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, and contain two yellowish seeds.

How can fennel be cultivated for high yield?

Cumin is a dicotyledonous spring crop with long sunshine, semi-cold tolerance, early tolerance and cold tolerance, which is more tolerant to drought but not resistant to waterlogging. The growth period is 65-85 days after emergence. The growth process is fast, 35-45 days after emergence to the initial flowering stage, flowering in the first and middle of May, fruit from late May to the first and middle of June, and harvest in the middle of June. The conventional plant height is 30cm to 55cm, and the stem is pseudo-bifurcated. Leaves alternate, leaf blade Ternate-split leaves, with narrow lanceolate leaf sheaths. Umbels 1-2 cm in diameter, white or blue-white, with 5-7 single flowers, double hanging fruits are oblong-ovate, 5-8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, and contain two yellowish seeds.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. Sowing mode

There are two ways of ① sowing: winter sowing (egg-wrapped) and spring sowing. Sowing seeds in winter before last winter, sowing seeds in suitable soil moisture pressed with salt and frozen farmland (from November 25 to December 5 in Kashgar reclamation area, the ground temperature of 3 cm can also be used as an index of less than 5 ℃), and the harvest will be in the second year. Spring sowing, management and harvest in the spring of that year (the degree of advance of spring sowing time and the yield of fennel harvested were non-linear positive correlation).

② interplanting takes advantage of the short growth period of fennel, interplanting fennel with wide rows after the end of sowing crops with wide and narrow rows of plastic film in spring. The suitable ground temperature before April 12 or 5 cm is no higher than 15 ℃.

two。 Soil preparation before sowing

Select sandy loam or loam with middle and upper soil fertility and good water retention. Apply enough basic fertilizer, ploughing and leveling, watering enough water before sowing, fine soil preparation. About 30 tons of organic fertilizer, 150 kg of urea, 100 kg of diammonium phosphate and 75 kg of potassium sulfate or compound fertilizer are used as base fertilizer per hectare. The depth of ploughing is 22,25cm. Pour enough moisture at the bottom before sowing and wash salt with alkali. Suitable soil moisture and soil preparation can meet the standards of soil moisture, flat, loose, broken and net. Before sowing, 2.25kg to 2.7kg per hectare was applied to replenish the soil, and 450 kg of water was closed for chemical weeding.

3. Variety selection

Shacha cumin with strong branching ability, high yield, lodging resistance, purification and rejuvenation and screened seeds should be selected.

4. Sowing requirements

There are two kinds of fennel sowing: hole sowing and strip sowing. Winter sowing is dominated by hole sowing (row spacing 20 cm 30 cm, hole spacing 9 cm 12 cm), spring sowing is dominated by strip sowing (30 cm equal row spacing, plant spacing 5 cm 8 cm). The set broadcast is broadcast with a hole broadcast. The depth of sowing is 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm, and it is suppressed after sowing. Seed consumption is 22.5-30 kg per hectare (1000-grain weight 1.3-1.8 g). 300 ~ 500000 holes per hectare, 140 ~ 2 million seedlings and 150 ~ 1.8 million seedlings per hectare.

5. Field management

The center of early spring field management in ① is to increase temperature and preserve soil moisture. Pre-sowing fennel should be suppressed with a shallow rake in front of the seedling, rake the ground in time in case of rain before the seedling, and break the knot, so as to preserve the moisture and grow early. The direction of the shallow rake is perpendicular to the sowing direction, the depth of the rake is not more than 2 cm, and it is equipped with a crushed soil ballast.

The field management of ② at seedling stage is mainly chemical adjustment, supplemented by manual grass pulling and seedling setting. At the 2-4 leaf stage of fennel seedlings, foliar fertilizer was sprayed once (1%-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.5%-1% urea). At the 5-8 leaf stage of the seedlings, 0.15%-0.3% thalidomide was locally sprayed on the overgrown fields to enhance the coarseness of the basal internodes of the seedlings, reduce the plant height and prevent lodging in the later stage.

③ field management at flowering and fruiting stage focuses on preventing accumulated rain and flooding, nourishing roots and protecting leaves, promoting grain yield and increasing grain weight. Cumin is more resistant to drought but not waterlogging. if it rains from May to June and the water in the field is more than 8 hours, it will form drowning, cause plant death, or even lose harvest. Therefore, in case of moderate to heavy rain, timely drainage. Although fennel flower and fruit stage does not require much water and fertilizer, it has a long overlap period. Abnormal climate and soil drought will adversely affect flowering, fertilization and yield, but boron and zinc microfertilizers with a concentration of 0.2% to 0.4% can be sprayed on the leaves to improve the seed setting rate. In the middle and later stages of fennel growth, there are dots of de-fertilizing and premature senescence (leaf color yellowing), which can be sprayed with 1.5%-3% urea leaf fertilizer to improve the ability of plant roots and leaves to absorb nutrients and promote the fruit to mature normally. For the flakes with dark green leaves and a late ripening trend, 0.2%-0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to increase the 1000-grain weight and achieve the same harvest time as a whole.

III. Timely harvest

Under the same production conditions, winter-sown fennel matured 7-12 days earlier than spring-sown fennel, and current sowing matured 3-7 days earlier than interplanting. The morphological standard of suitable harvest: 70%-80% of fennel in the field showed orange leaves and yellowish pericarp. Early harvest is not enough, too late, the fruit seed is easy to fall and cause loss. Harvesting is usually concentrated after manual extraction, mechanical removal of impurities after rolling, bagging and storage to prevent moisture.