Integrated control of soft rot of mustard

Tuber mustard, phylum angiosperm, family of dicotyledons. Mostly herbaceous plants. Mustard is a kind of mustard, which generally refers to leaf mustard, such as nine-head mustard, snow mustard, pig blood mustard, tofu skin mustard and so on. Mustard is a kind of semi-dry non-fermented pickle, pickled with stem mustard as raw material. It is one of the famous special products in China, together with French sour cucumber and German sweet and sour cabbage. It was first seen in Fuling, Sichuan, China in 1898, and was then called "Fuling mustard". Because the water in the vegetable needs to be squeezed out by pressing during processing, it is called "mustard". Now it has developed to more than 30 cities and counties in Sichuan Province, and there is also production in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hunan, Guangxi, Taiwan and other provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions directly under the Central Government).

Brassica juncea var.tumida cruciferous plants are often covered with simple hairs, forked hairs, stellate hairs, or glandular hairs. Flowers bisexual, usually in racemes; sepals 4, separate, two whorls; petals 4, clawed, arranged in a cruciform Corolla, a few apetalous (e.g., solitary, apetalous); stamens 6, 2 whorls, outer whorls 2 shorter, inner whorls 4 longer, called tetradynamous stamens; carpels 2, connate, ovary 1-loculed, with lateral membranous placenta, central pseudoseptum, divided into 2 chambers, usually with multiple ovules per locule. The fruit is a silique. the one with nearly equal length and width is called short silique. if the length is several times the width, it is called long silique. for example, shepherd's purse and solitary vegetable are short siliques, and cabbage and radish are long siliques. There are 3000 species of plants belonging to about 350 genera, which are widely distributed all over the world. There are 90 genera and 300 species in China, most of which are in the north and northwest.

The mature stem mustard before bolting has a high 60~80cm in the aboveground part and a long 20~30cm in the underground part, and the whole plant is generally heavy 2~4kg. The lower part of the aboveground part is a hypertrophic tumor stem, on which there are more than ten large leaves; the petiole base of the large leaves is covered with tumor-like fleshy stems, and the obvious tumor-like protuberances are generally 3-5. The epidermis of the tumor stem is green and smooth, the subcutaneous flesh is white and thick, and the texture is tender and crisp. The part of the tumor stem, that is, the head of green vegetables, generally weighs about 0.5kg, and the larger one is 1~1.5kg. The cooked vegetable head is delicious when mixed with seasoning; the boiled soup has a delicious taste of chicken soup. Kimchi made from the head of green vegetables looks crisp and chic.

Comprehensive control of soft rot of mustard

Soft rot is an important disease of mustard, which can cause large area death in vegetable field. The symptoms are withered leaves, rotting stems, grayish-white pods and lodging of vegetable plants. The following integrated control techniques studied by our institute for many years have achieved good results.

I. strengthening cultivation and management

Setting aside a vegetable field for rotation can reduce the disease. It is best to rotate with gramineous crops such as rice and wheat, turn the soil deeply after harvest, and bury the germs deep in the soil. In the field operation, the wound of vegetable plant should be avoided, and high border cultivation should be carried out to drain well and prevent flood irrigation. Use nitrogen fertilizer correctly, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately, and do not apply unrotten fertilizer. The early diseased plants can be pulled out and buried deeply, and healthy plants can be selected and left seeds. Soak the seeds with 10% brine before sowing, and then rinse with clean water.

Second, thoroughly control insects and prevent diseases

There is a close relationship between insect pests and diseases, so we should pay attention to the control of underground pests in the early stage. Aphid control should be combined with the control of jumping beetle, Pieris rapae and ape leaf worm at seedling stage. For the larvae of Pieris rapae before the third instar, biological control can be used first, such as Bacillus thuringiensis preparation, Pieris rapae granulosis virus preparation and "fourth generation" chemical pesticide. Urea preparations that inhibit chitin synthase in insects (Miaoyaohuayu No. 1, Miaojun No. 3, etc.) can not only control insect pests, but also do not pollute the environment. It can also be used to control aphids, jumping beetles and leaf mites by 500-1000 times of the solution. Pests occurring in the later stage can be controlled with 2.5% deltamethrin EC 6000-8000 times or 2.5% cyhalothrin EC 6000-8000 times.

III. Chemical control

In the early stage of bacterial soft rot, 100-150 mg / kg streptomycin sulfate or agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed, once every 7 to 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, or 800 times liquid spray of 70% diexamethasone wettable powder. For sclerotia soft rot, you can choose 2000 times solution of 50% Sukeling wettable powder, or 50% topazin wettable powder, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 1000-1500 times of 40% sclerotia net wettable powder. 60 kg per mu, once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row.

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