How to achieve high yield in off-season cultivation of green onion

Green onions, is a kind of green onions, can be divided into common green onions, shallots, shallots and floor scallions four types. Spring onions taste pungent, slightly warm in nature, and have the function of releasing Yang, detoxifying and seasoning. Mainly used for cold, cold and fever, headache and nasal congestion, cold and abdominal pain, dysentery diarrhea, internal obstruction of insect accumulation, obstruction of milk, adverse stool and so on. Spring onion contains volatile oil, which is mainly composed of allicin, dienyl sulfide and calcium oxalate. In addition, it also contains fat, sugar, carotene, vitamin B, C, nicotinic acid, calcium, magnesium, iron and other ingredients. It is a perennial herb with cylindrical leaves, hollow in the middle, fragile and easy to fold.

Green onion is a necessary thing in the daily kitchen, the north is mainly green onion, it can not only be used for seasoning, but also can prevent and cure epidemic diseases. It can be divided into two types according to the length of green onions. The green onion plant is tall, the onion is white and the taste is sweet, is cultivated more in the north. Green onions are mostly used for frying and frying; the south is rich in spring onions, which is a commonly used seasoning, also known as chives, which are generally used for raw food or cold dishes. Common scallions: many varieties, good quality, large cultivation area. According to its green onion length, it can be divided into long onion white and short green onion white. Long onions are spicy and fleshy, with famous varieties such as Liaoning Gaiping scallions, Beijing Gaojiaobai, Shaanxi Huaxian Valley scallions, etc.; short scallions are white, thick and thick, and famous varieties are Zhangqiu chicken leg scallions in Shandong, Hebei, and so on. Shallots: thick leaves, white onions for pure white, strong tillering ability, light spicy taste, good quality. Green onion is beneficial to lung and yang, perspiration, hemostasis, pain and other diseases such as dysentery, abdominal pain, arthritis, constipation and so on. Spring onions have a unique spicy taste, derived from volatile sulfide onion, which can stimulate saliva and gastric juice secretion and increase appetite. The malic acid and sugar phosphate contained in spring onions can excite nerves, improve circulation, relieve surface and clear heat. Eating spring onions regularly can reduce the accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of blood vessels.

How to achieve high yield in off-season cultivation of green onion

one。 Variety selection:

When planting out-of-season green onions, we should choose green onion varieties with cold resistance, bolting resistance, heat resistance, disease resistance and good quality. Such as Zhengyan cold spring onions, Nanhu No. 1 green onions, Zhangqiu long white striped green onions, Chinese giant onions and other varieties.

two。 Cultivate strong seedlings:

1. Time schedule for seedling raising and planting:

In the first crop, the seedlings were raised from the end of June to the beginning of July, planted in September, listed in March to April in the second year, raised in the middle of September, planted in March to April in the second year, and listed in August to early September.

two。 Nursery site selection:

Because the seedling raising time of the two crops is almost in the rainy season, we should choose the land where the land is flat, the terrain is slightly higher, can be irrigated by drought, and the land that can be waterlogged has not planted green onion, onion, leek, garlic and other lily vegetables for more than 3 years.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer:

Because the root system of Welsh onion seedlings is short and shallow, and the ability to absorb soil nutrients is poor, in order to cultivate strong seedlings, we must apply fully mature organic fertilizer and a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The specific method is to apply 5000-6000 kg of rotten and finely crushed barnyard manure (except chicken, duck, sheep manure and stranger manure) per mu before cultivated land, and then sprinkle 25 kg of sulfuric acid-type three-element compound fertilizer before sowing.

4. Intensive ploughing and raking, ridging and making beds: in order to prevent underground pests from harming seedlings, poison bait should be sprinkled again after the organic fertilizer is spread. That is, stir-fry yellow with 5 kg of wheat per mu, then mix well with 250 ml phoxim diluent, seal and cover for 3 hours, spread the ground, turn into the soil with organic fertilizer, and kill a variety of underground pests at one time. The ploughed land should be fully raked, raked and leveled. Before making a bed, open a ridge for watering on one side of the ground, and then make the bed. The net width of the border is 1 to 1.2 meters, and the ridge is 20 to 23 centimeters wide and 8 to 10 centimeters high (after stepping on and scraping straight). After the border is done, sprinkle 25 kg of three-element compound fertilizer (15% each of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in the border, hoe thoroughly, and then sow seeds.

5. Sow:

Use 3-4 kg of seed per mu. You can choose either of the two sowing methods.

1) seed: sow the seeds evenly on the flat surface of the border, then rake them carefully after sowing, so that the seeds are fully mixed with the soil, buried shallowly in the soil, and then watered.

2) cover the seed bed: after leveling, clear out the fine wet soil 1 cm thick with a shovel, and flatten the border surface again. Watering, stop watering when the water in the border reaches 6cm to 7cm deep. The border surface is sown after the clear water is dried and covered with fine soil with a thickness of about 1 cm. The seedlings sown with cover have deep roots, many roots, drought tolerance and strong seedlings. If the method of shading and storm prevention can be adopted to raise seedlings, the effect will be better.

After sowing, artificial operation can be carried out to spray herbicides while moisture is used. The ground is evenly sprayed with 33% farmland per mu (also known as herbicide) 100 ml 150 ml and 60 kg water. Always keep the ground moist, lasting for 30-45 days.

6. Management at seedling stage:

From the full seedling to the 5-leaf stage, the seedlings were planted for 1 to 2 times. The distance between seedlings is 1-1.5 cm. Combine seedlings to pull out weeds that have not been killed by herbicides. Control watering, no drought, no watering, in order to reduce the incidence of "incidence" and "etiolated seedlings". If the seedling growth is thin and weak, it can be combined with watering and topdressing properly. 7.5 ~ 10kg of urea was applied with water per mu. Flush once every 20 days, a total of 2 times. If you encounter continuous rainy weather during the growth period, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of downy mildew and white blight to ensure strong seedlings.

three。 Timely colonization:

Spring onions sown in summer were planted in the first and middle of September, and spring onions in autumn were planted in March to April of the following year. Row spacing 80 cm, plant spacing 1.5-2 cm, trenching and planting (arranging onions). The onion seedlings were strictly graded before planting, and then treated with chemicals to eliminate root maggots (seed fly larvae) and ensure the whole seedling. The specific method is to soak the roots of onion seedlings in 1.8% chlorhexidine solution diluted 4000 times, or phoxim solution diluted 800 times to 1000 times, or cypermethrin solution diluted 3000 times for 2 minutes.

The planting ditch should not be too deep or too shallow, and the dead soil layer is not conducive to root growth; if it is too shallow, it is more difficult to cultivate soil in the future. After the planting ditch is opened, the newly turned up empty soil should be slightly suppressed to prevent landslides from overcoming green onion seedlings. Proper amount of root pressing fertilizer should be applied after the green onion seedlings are arranged in the ditch. Rotten barnyard manure is better for root fertilizer. 5000 kg / mu plus 25 kg three-element compound fertilizer was mixed and applied. Combined with the opening of the lower ditch, the root fertilizer is properly covered with a layer of fine wet soil. Thickness to root fertilizer and soil do not bury the green onion (growth point) for the degree, a little suppression will come to an end.

Be careful! Watering of newly planted onion seedlings is strictly prohibited to prevent retting roots from causing a large number of dead seedlings. In case of heavy rain, we should do everything possible to clean up the stagnant water in the green fields. After slowing down the seedlings can be watered appropriately in case of drought.

four。 Field management:

After the out-of-season green onions are planted, the temperature is the most suitable for the growth of green onions. As soon as the seedlings slow down, they grow rapidly. Therefore, fertilizer and water management is an important link of high yield and high quality. Those who apply sufficient root fertilizer according to the requirements will not be short of fertilizer before the middle period of growth, as long as the soil moisture is suitable, it can ensure rapid and healthy growth. The soil moisture should be kept at about 70% of the saturated water holding capacity. Drought is watering, and timely ploughing and loosening soil after watering, in order to preserve soil moisture and increase soil permeability, promote root development, and improve the ability of absorbing water and fertilizer.

The length of green onion is determined by how much soil is cultivated. In general, out-of-season green onions need to be cultivated 3 times for 4 times in order to ensure that the length of green onions reaches 70 to 80 centimeters. The thickness of each soil cultivation is based on the non-buried growth point (green onion core). The out-of-season spring onions cultivated over the winter should cultivate the soil thickly before the earth is frozen, so as to reduce the dry and withered leaves as much as possible, accumulate nutrients and ensure early emergence after winter.

With the acceleration of growth rate and the increase of leaf quantity, the demand of plants for soil nutrition increases sharply. In order to ensure high yield, topdressing must be done in time. Topdressing can be combined with watering. 15-20 kg urea per mu was applied each time. Spread fertilizer along the ditch, and then shallow hoe and bury fertilizer, so as to prevent the fertilizer from being concentrated to the water head during watering, so as to achieve the purpose of balanced fertilization. It is best to increase a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which plays a significant role in increasing the yield and improving the quality of Welsh onions.

five。 Timely harvest:

Overwintering off-season green onions can be seen in the market situation to determine the harvest time. In order to ensure the quality, it is best to put onion pens (bolts) on the market before writing and when the green onion pens (bolts) are relatively small; those raised in September can be harvested and listed in August of the second year when the market market is better.

six。 Pest control:

1. Insect pests:

Thrips damage the onion leaves and suck the mesophyll in the onion leaves, resulting in small white spots. The prevention and cure method, use 20% good year winter 1000 times liquid, or 10% once clean 2000 times liquid, or 2.5% vegetables like 1000 times liquid spray. When spraying, an adhesive should be added to increase the adhesion of the liquid on the onion leaves and kill pests effectively.

two。 Disease:

Downy mildew is mainly harmful to leaves, and it is easy to occur when the air humidity is too high. Prevention and treatment methods, at the initial stage of the disease, use 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 50% nail cream copper wettable powder 800 times 1000 times liquid, or 64% germicidal alum wettable powder 500 times liquid spray. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, 2 times in a row.

White blight, also known as white tip disease, is mainly harmful to leaves, which can occur in both seedling and adult stage. The prevention and cure method, at the initial stage of the disease, 77% can kill the wettable powder 500x liquid, or 72% gram cyanohydrin wettable powder 800x solution, or 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray. Spray once every 7 days for 2 or 3 times in a row.