Causes and Control of abnormal Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus (scientific name: Pleurotus ostreatus;, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, black peony mushroom, Taiwan also known as Pleurotus ostreatus) is a species of Pleurotus ostreatus under basidiomycetes, and it is a very common gray edible mushroom. It has the effect of chasing wind and dispelling cold, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. It is used to treat waist and leg pain, numbness of hands and feet, blockage of muscles and collaterals and other diseases. The protein polysaccharide in Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells and can enhance the immune function of the body.

Requirements for growth Environment of Pleurotus ostreatus

① nutrition. There are many nutrients available for Pleurotus ostreatus, including woody plant residues and fibrous plant residues. In artificial cultivation, the yield of waste cotton, cottonseed hull, corncob, cotton stalk and soybean straw is higher, and other agricultural and forestry wastes can also be used, such as sawdust, rice straw, wheat straw, corncob and so on.

② temperature. The mycelial growth temperature range and suitable temperature of different mycelium growth species are not the same. Most species and varieties can grow at 5: 35 ℃, and 20: 30 ℃ is the common suitable temperature range for their growth. The optimum growth temperature of low and medium-low temperature varieties is 24-26 ℃, that of medium-high temperature and wide-temperature varieties is about 28 ℃, and that of Pleurotus ostreatus is 25-27 ℃.

③ humidity. The optimum water content of the substrate for mycelium growth is 60%-65%. When the water content of the substrate is insufficient, the emergence of bacteria is slow, and the emergence of mushroom is delayed after the completion of the bacteria. In raw material cultivation, when the water content of the substrate is too high, the air permeability is poor, the mycelium grows slowly, and it is easy to breed anaerobic bacteria or mold. The optimum mushroom emergence period is 70%-75%, and the fruiting body grows rapidly and thrives when the atmospheric relative humidity is 85%-95%. The cap is easy to dry edge or crack when the relative humidity is less than 80%, and rotten mushrooms are easy to occur when it exceeds 95% for a long time. In the cultivation of raw materials, the methods of drying bacteria and replenishing water during the mushroom emergence period are often adopted to ensure that the fungus is not infected by mold and that there is enough water to supply the mushroom during the mushroom emergence period.

④ air. Pleurotus ostreatus is an aerobic fungus, the mycelium can grow normally under the plastic film cover, and can also grow normally in the strain bottle sealed with plastic film. Under a certain concentration of carbon dioxide, the mycelium grew better than the normal content of carbon dioxide in the natural air. In other words, a certain concentration of carbon monoxide can stimulate the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia, but the formation, differentiation and development of fruiting bodies need sufficient oxygen. When the oxygen is insufficient and the concentration of carbon dioxide is too high, it is not easy to form fruiting bodies.

⑤ light. The growth of mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus does not need light, but light inhibits the growth of mycelium. Therefore, a dark or low light environment should be given during the germicidal period. However, the occurrence or growth of fruiting bodies requires light, especially the formation of fruiting body primordia. In addition, the light intensity also affects the color of the fruiting body and the length of the handle. In contrast, under strong light conditions, the fruit body has darker color, short stalk, thick meat and good quality; when the light is insufficient, the fruit body has lighter color, longer stalk, thin meat and poor quality.

⑥ pH (pH value). The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can grow in the range of pH 3.5 ~ 9.0, and the suitable pH value is 5.4 ~ 7.5. In cultivation, after the mixture of natural culture material and natural water, the pH of the substrate is mostly between 6.0 and 7.5, which is suitable for the mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. However, in practical cultivation, quicklime is often added to increase the pH value to 7.5-8.5 in order to inhibit mold and growth and ensure the occurrence of bacteria.

⑦ others. The fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is sensitive to carbon monoxide, sulfide, acetylene and other bad gases in the air during its growth and development. When the concentration of these substances in the air is high, the fruiting body stagnates, deforms and even wilts. In addition, it is also allergic to dichlorvos. After using dichlorvos to kill insects in mushroom houses, the fruiting body will roll upwards to form "chicken claw mushrooms".

Causes and Control of abnormal Pleurotus ostreatus

Abnormal mushroom is a common physiological disease in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus, and even loses its commercial value completely. This disease is mainly caused by improper management, and a few are caused by strain degradation, variation and virus infection.

The main types of deformed mushrooms are: 1. The cap of Pleurotus ostreatus is small, the differentiation is poor, and the stalk is longer. The reason was that during the period of primordium formation and differentiation, the mushroom room was anoxic, the light was insufficient, and the temperature was high, which affected the normal differentiation and development of the cap. Prevention and treatment methods: strengthen ventilation, adjust light and temperature. two。 The main manifestation of Pleurotus ostreatus lid is that there are many granular protuberances and light color on the edge, the mushroom lid is stiff and the growth is slow, the differentiation of the mushroom cap is poor and the shape is irregular when it is serious, because the development temperature of the mushroom body is too low and lasts for a long time. Resulting in imbalance in the growth of cells in the inner and outer layers. Control methods: adjust the temperature of the mushroom room above the lowest temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus growth, and there is a certain temperature difference to promote the growth, development and differentiation of mushroom body. 3. Cauliflower mushroom image cauliflower, multi-branched, the initial primordium is egg-shaped, inflated, raised, undifferentiated. How branched it is in the later stage. The reason is that before or during mushroom emergence, the mushroom bed or mushroom room was sprayed with high concentration of pesticides, especially "dichlorvos". Young mushrooms are extremely sensitive and most likely to cause this disease. It may also be that mushroom houses contain other harmful gases, such as high carbon dioxide concentration, sulfur dioxide released by burning coal, and so on. Prevention and control methods: the mushroom house should be cautious in the use of pesticides and the concentration should not be too high. Especially during the mushroom period, dichlorvos is absolutely not allowed to be used to strengthen ventilation and discharge harmful gases. 4. The body of atrophied mushroom was normal at the beginning, yellowed, edematous or dry in the expansion period, and stopped growing, and finally became soft and rotten. The reason for edema is that the humidity is too high or more water is sprayed directly on the young mushroom body, which makes the mushroom tissue absorb water, affect respiration and metabolism and stop growing and die. Dry shrinkage is because the air relative humidity is small, the ventilation is too strong, the wind blows directly on the mushroom body, causing Pleurotus ostreatus to lose water and die. Or the medium is malnourished, after forming a large number of primordia, some of them grow rapidly, and the rest stagnate due to insufficient nutrition supply. Prevention and control measures: control humidity between 80,85%, do not spray water on the young mushroom body, do not let the wind blow directly on the mushroom body. Reasonable proportion of culture material composition. A small number of shrunken mushrooms are due to the degeneration of the strain, the symptom is that the cap is not large enough to reverse curl, yellowing and atrophy. Prevention and control methods: select excellent varieties. 5. The primordium differentiation of Pleurotus ostreatus is abnormal, loose, multi-small branches, shaped like coral. The reason is that when the primordium occurs, there is serious poor ventilation, extremely weak light and lack of nitrogen sources. Prevention and treatment: strengthen ventilation and light to adjust the ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and add nitrogen sources.