Scientific cultivation and management of Poria cocos

Poria cocos is the name of traditional Chinese medicine. It is the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf of Polyporaceae. More than July to September mining, after digging out to remove sediment, pile "sweating", spread out to dry the surface, and then "sweating", repeatedly until wrinkles, most of the internal moisture loss, shade dry, called "Poria cocos"; or fresh Poria cocos cut according to different parts, shade dry, respectively called "Poria cocos blocks" and "Poria cocos slices".

Morphological characteristics of Poria cocos

Poria cocos, commonly known as Yunling, Songling and Fuling, are fungi parasitic on the roots of pine trees, with dark brown skin and white or pink inside. Mostly parasitic on the root of Pinus massoniana or Pinus koraiensis. Produced in Yunnan, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan and other places. The ancients called Poria cocos "04:00 divine medicine", because it has a wide range of effects, regardless of the four seasons, it will be compatible with a variety of drugs, regardless of cold, warm, wind, dampness diseases, can play its unique effect.

Scientific cultivation and management of Poria cocos

The main results are as follows: 1. the planting site of Poria cocos for land preparation should choose the slopes of 10 °25 °in the east, south and west with good drainage. Soil with yellow sand is better, clay, gravel soil is not suitable for planting, and not suitable for continuous cropping. After selecting the site, the sundries should be removed when turning deeply, and termiticides should be used to disinfect the soil in the areas harmed by termites. Turn the ground again 10 days before Poria cocos inoculation, break the clods and thoroughly remove sundries. Second, the growth of Poria cocos depends on pine to provide nutrients, therefore, the cultivation of Poria cocos should be based on pine trees. In production, it is mainly divided into two kinds: trunk wood cultivation and tree tree cultivation. 1. Dry section wood preparation method selects diameter 12cm above non-timber pine trees cut down (or the head and tail left after taking materials), cut off part of its branches, leaving leaves at the end of the tree, and then use a shovel knife according to the size of the tree to shovel off 4x 5 sides of bark (to shovel to the xylem is appropriate), between the shovel surface to leave two fingers wide bark 4x 5 strips, from top to bottom should not have broken marks, the bark left is called fuse (commonly known as "tendons"). After 10 to 15 days, the trunk was dried until there were cracks in the trunk and sawed into a small section of 70~80cm, and stacked in the dry sunny place according to the shape of "well". The stacks are covered with forage, drains are opened around the stacks, and termiticides are sprinkled on the ground. two。 When cutting down pine in autumn and winter, the stump with diameter above 12cm is selected to remove the weeds and topsoil within 1-5m, cut down the shrub and dig about 0.8m, so that the stump and root are exposed to the soil. Then shovel four sides of the bark from the stump, leaving four two-finger-wide leads. Leave at most 4 or 6 roots exposed to the ground, and truncate the rest. It is also necessary to shovel the bark on 3 sides of the root, leaving a finger thick lead on the left and right side, and the root length is 1m-1.5m. The above-mentioned work should be carried out in the winter of last year. Third, inoculation 1. Poria cocos inoculation season is divided into spring and autumn. Spring planting is carried out from Qingming Festival to the Beginning of Summer. The temperature in the south, southeast and west of Guangxi rose earlier, and it was more suitable to be vaccinated before and after the Qingming Festival, while in the north and northwest of Guangxi, it was suitable to be vaccinated before and after the Beginning of Summer. There is little difference in temperature in autumn, and Poria cocos can be vaccinated before and after the Beginning of Autumn. two? Inoculation method Poria cocos cultivation is to use bacteria or fresh Polyporus cocos (sclerotia) as "seeds" to propagate. The strain is disinfected with small pine segments bottled (plastic), added with an appropriate amount of culture medium, connected with the original culture of Poria cocos, and the white exuberant mycelium grows in the bottle. On the other hand, the breeding of fresh Ling is made of thin skin and tender reddish brown, cut into pieces with skin and heavy as 0.1~0.15kg with a bamboo knife as the breeding material for inoculation. Before inoculation, open the cellar along the slope in the whole planting land, the cellar depth 20cm, wide 40~50cm, length depending on the length of the section. Flatten the bottom of the pit slightly, sprinkle with termiticide and mix well with the soil, put the piece of wood along the slope into the cellar. Put in two paragraphs first. When inoculating with bacteria, first cut the new opening of the growth × width = 150cm × 10cm in the upper half of the two pieces of wood with a sharp knife, use tweezers to take out the mycelial pine pieces in the bottle, place them flat at the new opening between the segments, cover with pine chips or pine leaves, and put a piece of wood on top (if the weight of the two pieces of wood is more than 20kg, do not put the third piece of wood), cover with soil 10~15cm. Inoculate with fresh Kuling block, saw several places on the upper end of the wood, stick it on, gently rub it, press it with your hands, and cover it with soil. On the other hand, the tree stalk was inoculated with 2 to 3 new holes in the tree stem, and then the bacteria and fresh Kelin were inoculated at the new opening of the tree tree, covered with pine chips and pine leaves, covered with soil 15~17cm, and the pit surface was piled into the shape of tortoise back. Fourth, field management 1. Check the cellar to make up for the deficiency 7-10 days after inoculation, the white Poria cocos mycelium can grow. At this time, the bacterial situation in each cellar should be checked in order to fill the gap in time. The main results are as follows: 1 when the dew is not dry in the early morning, look in the planting field, if the wood in the cellar has Poria cocos mycelium, then the soil on the cellar is dry without dew; if there is dew on the cellar, it means that the wood does not have Poria cocos hyphae. 2 digging up the soil from the pit, it was found that there was white mycelium growth in the lower section of the wood, and the smell of Poria cocos could be identified as Poria cocos hyphae. If dead bacteria and non-bacterial Poria cocos are found, they should be checked again every 7-10 days. If the Poria cocos hyphae is still not seen in the second inspection, the cellar can be opened and transferred to the cellar without bacteria from other pieces of wood that have been infected. Or dig out all the unpasteurized wood, dry it in the sun, re-cut the peel, and connect it with bacteria. 3 it should be noted that the mycelium can not be seen on the wood surface for about 1 month on Poria cocos. At this time, most of the hyphae have grown into the wood. One month after Poria cocos inoculation, no basal mycelium was seen, so it was mistaken for no bacteria and pried open the section of wood, which would cause undue losses. two。 If termites are found after 7-10 days of inoculation, termites should be sprayed on the termites or on the ant road immediately for control. 3. After Poria cocos form sclerotia (knot cocos), if Poria cocos are found to be exposed to the ground, they should cultivate the soil in time and pay attention to drainage in the rainy season. Fifth, harvesting and processing Poria cocos generally mature 8-10 months after inoculation. Pile the harvested Poria cocos in an indoor shelter, cover them with straw and "sweat" for 5 days, then spread them out for 1 to 2 days. After the water evaporates, pile it up again, then cover it with straw for 5 to 6 days, peel off the skin (or peel off the skin of fresh Poria cocos first), put it in a steamer and steam until it is done through the heart, or boil it with water until through the heart (change the water 3 times or 4 times when cooking, which is marked by changing water when the water turns black). Take out the square which is cut with a sharp knife to grow × width × thickness = 4cm × 4cm × 0.5cm. Then put the white pieces and red pieces in the bamboo mat or bamboo screen, cover with a piece of white paper and dry in the sun. Pay attention to turning frequently. In case of cloudy and rainy days, charcoal fire can be used to dry, but do not bake with open fire to avoid fumigation and yellowing of Poria cocos, affecting product quality.