How to cultivate high yield

Flammulina velutipes, also known as Flammulina velutipes, etc., English as "Enoki Mushroom". The botanical name is Flammulina velutiper (Fr.) Sing . Because of its slender stalk, like Flammulina velutipes, it is called Flammulina velutipes, which belongs to the genus Flammulina velutipes of the family Agaricidae, and is a kind of bacteria and algae lichens. Flammulina velutipes has a high medicinal and dietary effect. Flammulina velutipes is widely distributed in nature, such as China, Japan, Russia, Europe, North America, Australia and so on. In China, it is suitable for the growth of Flammulina velutipes from Heilongjiang in the north, Yunnan in the south, Jiangsu in the east and Xinjiang in the west.

Flammulina velutipes does not contain chlorophyll, does not have photosynthesis, can not produce carbohydrates, but can grow in dark environment, must absorb ready-made organic substances, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fat degradation products from the culture medium, is saprophytic nutrition, is a heterotrophic organism, and belongs to basidiomycetes. Flammulina velutipes is a kind of wood saprophytic fungus, which is easy to grow on the withered trunk and stump of broad-leaved trees such as willow, elm and poplar.

Guannan, Jiangsu, Hebei, Anyang, Linzhou and so on. Lingshou in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, grows a large number of white Flammulina velutipes, which is produced and sold in various places in November and February. According to the determination, the amino acid content of Flammulina velutipes is very rich, which is higher than that of general mushrooms, especially lysine, which has the function of promoting children's intellectual development. Dried Flammulina velutipes contains 8.87% protein, 60.2% carbohydrates and 7.4% crude fiber. Regular consumption can prevent and cure canker. Some studies have also shown that a substance contained in Flammulina velutipes has a good anticancer effect. Flammulina velutipes is not only a delicious food, but also a good health food. Flammulina velutipes has an increasingly broad market at home and abroad. The artificial cultivation technology of Flammulina velutipes is not complicated, as long as we can control the environmental conditions, it is easy to obtain stable and reliable yield.

How can Flammulina velutipes be cultivated with high yield?

1. Change wide bag cultivation to narrow bag cultivation

Many people think that it is better to cultivate Flammulina velutipes with plastic bags of 25cm × 50cm. But in fact, the wide bag is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria, and the fruiting body is easy to bend when the mushroom bud is small, which affects the product quality, which can not meet the requirements of small cover, long handle, light color and fat. Therefore, it is better to use plastic bags of 17cm × 33cm.

Change from high pressure sterilization to delayed atmospheric pressure sterilization

Flammulina velutipes grew faster on the culture medium rich in vitamin B1 and B2, and the number of pollen spores was less. However, vitamin B1 is not heat-resistant and is easy to decompose when the temperature reaches more than 120 ℃, so the culture material should be sterilized under atmospheric pressure. In order to ensure that the strain does not infect miscellaneous bacteria, the sterilization time can be extended from 10-12 hours to 13-18 hours.

Third, change the traditional vertical mushroom to horizontal mushroom at both ends.

After loading, inoculate at both ends of the plastic bag and leave about 15 cm of plastic film, light packing and light pressure, then fasten the mouth of the bag and put about 4 layers of bacteria horizontally. This method can not only ensure the quality of mushroom production, but also save the area of mushroom room, and increase the output of mushroom house by more than 70% per square meter.

Fourth, change one-time unpacking to control unpacking.

In the closed culture of hair bacteria with two-end ligation, due to the low oxygen concentration in the bag, if the conventional method should wait until the mycelia grow mature and spit out the yellow ball, the bag will be released, which is bound to affect its growth. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the mycelium growth in the bag at any time. Once the mycelium grows slowly, it is necessary to release the bag in time. But at this time, do not all open the bag mouth, should slowly open the bag mouth as appropriate, wait until the mushroom stalk is about 8 cm, and then all open the bag mouth, in order to ensure the temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration needed in the mushroom production process. In this process, the mushroom body should be prevented from bending and growing under pressure.

Fifth, change the elongation of mushroom stalk to red low light induction.

The fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes has a strong phototaxis, so after the bacteria bag is put on the shelf, a 15-watt red light bulb can be hoisted at the middle of the two rows of walls every 4 meters or so. The vertical light produced by the light bulb can induce the hyphae to grow horizontally in the direction of light. But at this time, the doors and windows should be shaded to prevent the mushroom body from growing, lodging and bending.

Sixth, change the mushroom period and add nutrition into scientific application.

Many mushroom farmers have to apply growth regulators and other nutrients to promote the growth of mushrooms, but the effect is not obvious or even inhibit the growth of mushrooms.

The practice shows that spraying 0.5% triacontanol solution at the mushroom stage can increase the yield by more than 17%, but special attention should be paid to the concentration. After two stages of mushroom harvesting, injecting 500-1000 times diluted manure water into the bag can increase the yield by 15% and 20%.