Introduction and control of mushroom rust spot

Mushroom (scientific name: Agaricus campestris) is composed of mycelium and fruiting body. Mycelium is a vegetative organ and fruiting body is a reproductive organ. Mushrooms have as many as 36000 sexes and sprout into hyphae from mature spores. The hyphae are multicellular, diaphragmatic, elongated by apical growth, white, slender, woolly, and gradually filamentous. The hyphae combine with each other to form dense groups, called mycelium. After the mycelium is saprophytic, the dark brown culture material becomes light brown. The fruiting body of a mushroom looks like an open umbrella when it is ripe. It is composed of cap, stalk, fold, ring, pseudomycorrhizal and other parts. Most mushrooms can be used as food and medicine, but poisonous mushrooms can do harm to people.

Mushroom belongs to basidiomycetes, Umbelliferae and Mushroom family. It is the most widely cultivated, the most productive and the most consumed edible fungus in the world. Mushrooms like a cool and humid environment, such as deep in the woods, artificial cool and humid environment. The temperature range of mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is 4 ℃ 32 ℃, and the most suitable temperature range is 20 ℃ 25 min. At 20 Mel 25 ℃, the mycelium grew fast, dense and strong. The mycelium above 25 ℃ grew fast, but it was sparse and powerless. if it reached more than 30 ℃, the mycelium was damaged and its viability decreased, and when it was lower than 15 ℃, the mycelium grew slowly. It can endure 0 ℃ low temperature in winter. The temperature range of fruiting body growth is 5 ℃ 25 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 14 Mel 16 min. When 14Mel 16 ℃, the fruiting body grew faster, the stipe was short and strong, the meat was thick, the quality was good and the yield was high. Higher than 18 ℃. Although the fruiting body grows fast, the stipe is slender, the thin skin is easy to open the umbrella, and the quality is poor; less than 12 ℃, the growth is slow in the body.

After mushroom emergence, if there is a high temperature of more than 23 ℃ for several days, it will cause the phenomenon of dead mushroom and decrease the viability of mycelium. When the room temperature was below 5 ℃, the fruiting body stopped growing and the mycelium grew very slowly. The optimum temperature for scattered spores of mushroom fruiting body is 18 ℃ 22 min. When the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, even if other conditions are suitable, the spores will not be scattered. Generally, the spores can fall after about 2 days of culture, and can be separated when the spores in the cultured blood are dark brown. The suitable temperature for spore germination is 23 Mel 25 ℃. If the temperature is too high or too low, it will prolong the time of spore germination and even will not germinate. Mushroom is a saprophytic fungus, which can not use solar energy for photosynthesis, but completely depends on the nutrients in the culture material for growth and development. Among the nutrients, carbon is the most important, followed by nitrogen and inorganic salts.

Introduction and control of mushroom rust spot

What is mushroom rust spot?

Mushroom rust spot, also known as brown spot, bacterial spot. The pathogen is a kind of eosinophilic Pseudomonas Torrance. It is transmitted by insects, utensils, hands of staff and other media. The disease is serious when the pH value of the covered soil of the mushroom bed is less than 5.5.The disease is serious when the ventilation is poor, the humidity is too high, and the bacterial cover is always sticky and wet after spraying water.

Symptoms of mushroom rust:

Generally only infect the epidermis of mushroom lid, making it appear yellow-brown rust-like spots of different sizes at first, then gradually become brown or black, and sometimes there will be scars with mucus on the lid. The disease spreads rapidly. When the infection is mild, the mushroom shape is normal. In severe cases, hundreds of sunken spots appear in the mushroom lid or the disease spot expands to show stripes, and the fruiting body is deformed. The stalk is sometimes infected with longitudinal concave spots.

Prevention and control of mushroom rust spot:

The main results are as follows: 1) when covering the soil, the pH value of the soil layer should be adjusted to 6.5 Mel 8, and the ventilation should be strengthened during cultivation.

2) when the disease is serious, the temperature and humidity of mushroom room should be controlled. 0.04% oxytetracycline and 0.04% streptomycin were sprayed on the mushroom bed every other day. The pH value of the subsequent mushroom bed spraying should be adjusted to 8 until the pH value of the soil layer is maintained at 6.5 Mel 7.5.

3) sprinkling a thin layer of quicklime powder on the surface of the overlying soil layer can also effectively control the development of the disease.