How to cultivate coprinus comatus to high yield

Coprinus comatus is a kind of edible and medicinal large-scale fungus, which has been popular in the market in recent years. It is a new edible fungus with great commercial potential. Coprinus comatus, also known as Coprinus comatus, is commonly known as Coprinus comatus. It is named for its shape like chicken leg and meat taste like chicken shreds. It is a rare fungus with commercial potential artificially developed in recent years and is praised as "new talent in bacteria." Coprinus comatus is rich in nutrition, delicious in taste and excellent in taste. Regular consumption helps to increase appetite, digestion and enhance human immunity. It has high nutritional value.

Western countries began artificial cultivation in the 1970s, and China succeeded in artificial cultivation in the 1980s. Coprinus comatus bags are easy to cultivate due to their short growth cycle and high biotransformation rate, and are especially suitable for cultivation in rural areas of China. The cultivation scale has expanded rapidly and has become one of the edible fungi cultivated in large quantities in China. The fruiting body of Coprinus comatus is medium-large, clustered, with cylindrical cap in bud stage and bell shape in late stage. 7~20 cm high, the cap when young nearly smooth, flat after the scale or surface cracks. The cap, flesh and pleated stipe of young fruiting body are white, and the stipe is 1~2. 5 cm, with fungus ring on it.

When the cap extends from cylinder to bell shape, the pleats begin to change color, from light brown to black, and the fruiting body also becomes soft and black, completely losing its edible value. Therefore, harvest must be timely in cultivation, should be in the cap to maintain cylindrical and tightly wrapped around the edge of the stipe, no visible ring of bacteria in the cylindrical period timely harvest.

How can coprinus be cultivated for high yield?

1 Place of cultivation

① Seasonal cultivation can be carried out in the shed, but also in the forest fruit field, corn field interplanting;

(2) In autumn and winter, rice fields can be produced in winter fallow period after harvest, and directly ploughed back to fields after mushroom harvest in spring next year. It is a good organic fertilizer for rice fields;

(3) The best cultivation method in the north is solar greenhouse or imitation solar greenhouse, which can make full use of the characteristics of sunlight in winter, and supplement with black plastic film arch shed to raise temperature and keep warm, so as to achieve the purpose of normal fruiting in winter season and obtain higher economic benefits.

2 strain selection

Compared with production practice, the strains such as Ruidi 2000, CC Tebai 1 #and CC Tebai 36g have high yield, white mushroom body, large individual size and sell well in the market. Other strains are to be tested for comparison. 3 Medium formulation (kg)

(1) 40 parts of cottonseed hull, 40 parts of sunflower stalk (disc) powder, 20 parts of corn stalk (core), 20 parts of cow dung powder, 5 parts of bran, 3 parts of rapeseed cake powder, 1.5 parts of compound fertilizer, 4 parts of quicklime powder, 1 part of gypsum powder, 1 part of additive #0.1 and 2 part of additive #0.15;

(2) corncob 40, corn stalk 40, wheat straw 20, yellow cow dung powder 20, bran 5, bean cake powder 5, corn flour 5, compound fertilizer 1.4, quicklime powder 5, gypsum powder and additive equal to formula (1);

(3) Cotton stalk powder 50, corncob 50, cow dung powder 20, corn flour 5, bran 5, bean cake powder 5, compound fertilizer 1.1, quicklime powder 5, gypsum powder and additives are the same as formula (1).

4 Mixing and piling

The mixing method is conventional, and attention should be paid to mixing, stacking and fermentation on hardened ground. After mechanical or manual stirring, build an east-west trapezoidal pile with bottom width of 1.5~ 2m, upper width of 1~1.5m and height of 0.6~ 1m. Steep the surroundings as much as possible and compact them with shovel. Drill 5cm vent holes at the top of the pile to the bottom of the pile at intervals of 30cm. Drill 4~6 rows of holes in total. Spray pesticides in time to seal the material surface to prevent pests from breeding in low temperature areas. Cover with straw curtains, woven bags and other breathable materials moisture fermentation. 5 Fermentation and pile turning

When the temperature of the material pile rises to 60℃ (30cm below the top of the pile), keep it at 24L and start to turn over the pile. The method of turning over the pile: first scrape off the dry layer of the pile surface and stack it on the edge of the original pile, lay a new pile bottom under the material shovel of the aerobic layer on the upper part of the pile, then shovel up the dry layer scraped off from both sides of the original pile and put it in the middle of the new pile, and finally turn over the material at the bottom of the original pile to the top of the new pile, and so on, and punch holes, spray insecticides and cover with air permeable substances according to the specifications when building the pile. The pile is turned over once every 24 hours. When the pH value of the central material at the bottom of the pile naturally rises to 7.5, the fermentation can be terminated and semi-clinker treatment can be carried out. 6 Semi-clinker treatment

The fermented materials are perforated vertically and horizontally, steam transmission pipes are buried, plastic films are covered, the surroundings are tightly pressed, steam is immediately introduced, the fire is fiercely attacked, after the plastic films are bulged and stabilized for 1 - 2 hours, the fire can be stopped, after 2 - 4 hours, the plastic films are removed, the material piles are scattered, pesticides and bacteriostatic agents are added, the pH value and moisture are adjusted, the materials are fully turned evenly, spread, and the temperature is rapidly reduced to 2 ~ 4 - 26 DEG C, and then the materials can be fed and sown. 7 Cultivation site treatment

(1) Ground treatment: 25.30 days before sowing, apply pesticides such as Bisu Mie, 3% Nematode Deep Killing Granules, 1.8% Jiqichongmike, Gujing, Simeidi, etc. evenly on the ground, rake evenly into the ground to 20cm, cover the ground with black plastic film and seal tightly to prevent air leakage, and seal for 10~20 days. Pay attention to cleaning weeds and crop stems on the ground before applying pesticides, otherwise, a large number of miscellaneous bacteria will breed in the soil.

② Wall treatment: spray and brush 5% caustic soda solution (or bordeaux solution, lime bacteria mixed disinfectant, stone sulfur mixture) on the inner wall and inner wall of the north slope of the shed for sterilization; if the shed roof is organic such as bamboo skeleton, spray and coat with the above disinfectant for sterilization; if the shed is of steel frame structure, fire can be used for insecticide sterilization.

(3) Before feeding and sowing, fumigate the shed with aerosol or smoke disinfectant for one night.

④ For the mushroom shed and vegetable shed that have been used for one season, the sunshade and plastic film on the top of the shed must be removed in time after the end of production, the waste materials must be thoroughly cleaned, exposed to the sun for 2~3 months, and comprehensively disinfected according to the above methods, and then the ridge and material must be planted. 8 Build a bed

6~ 8 days before sowing, start ridge construction. Sprinkle some water to moisten the soil according to the humidity of the ground. If there are miscellaneous bacteria breeding on the ground surface, sterilize it before building the ridge. Ridge construction specifications: operation channel width 60cm, small ridge width 40cm, high yield ridge width 20cm, two small ridges and a long high yield ridge between the two operation channels, and then build a short high yield ridge 20cm wide every 50cm in each small ridge, divide the small ridge into several small grids, ridge depth 20~ 30cm. This method has been used in Hunan Province from March to May in 2003, and the yield is increased by more than 50% compared with traditional ridge cultivation, and the mushroom body is large and the mushroom quality is good. 9 Soil covering materials and disinfection

① Soil quality requirements: The soil with wet non-sticky hands, dry hands, good porosity and strong water storage capacity is the best. This kind of soil has good air permeability and good water retention.② Take the soil below 30cm on the surface, because the topsoil above 30cm contains many harmful organisms and organic substances, it is easy to be infected by miscellaneous bacteria and pests.

③ Mix well the prepared quicklime powder for soil, adjust pH 7.5 (too high pH is easy to produce alkali-resistant miscellaneous bacteria), then add insecticide and fungicide and adjust soil moisture, cover with film, press tightly around, and use after sealing for 3 days. 30% furnace ash added to the covering soil has a good effect on yield increase. The covering soil must be disinfected 5 days before sowing.

10 Sowing and covering

(1) cooling the semi-clinker treated bulk pile to 24~26℃, then feeding and sowing, adopting mixed sowing mode, mixing 70%~75% of the amount of bacteria evenly into the material, and evenly spreading 30%~25% of the amount of bacteria on the surface of the material to seal the material surface.

(2) After sowing, pat the material surface flat and solid with sterilized small wooden boards, etc. to make the bacteria fully contact with the material, then gently cover the sterilized and well-hydrated soil on the material surface, 3~4cm thick, soil particles Φ1.5~2.5cm, finally sprinkle a layer of 0.5cm thick plant ash to cover the soil, cover with black film to keep moisture and bacteria. During the period of bacteria growth, ventilation should be paid attention to every day to prevent the breeding of miscellaneous bacteria on the soil ridge and ground. The center temperature of the bacteria bed should be controlled at 24~28℃, and the surface temperature of the bacteria bed should not exceed 30℃. The bacteria bed can be filled in 10~13 days.

(3) When hyphae penetrate soil layer and some hyphae are seen on surface, uncover black film, sweep surface hyphae with disinfected broom, and make them kink to form primordium; Then spray mushroom nutrient solution according to the dosage of 500~1000mL/m2, spray some clean water appropriately according to the soil humidity, cover a layer of soil with thickness of 2cm and soil particle Φ0.5~1.5cm when the topsoil does not stick to hands (disinfect 5 days in advance, the method is the same as before), dig the high-yield ridge into arc-shaped small ditch, spray mushroom nutrient solution appropriately, and cover a layer of disinfected soil with thickness of 2cm. 11 Mushroom management

After the second soil covering, the relative humidity of air in the mushroom shed was controlled at 85%~90%, the temperature of the fungus bed was controlled at 15~22%, and the temperature in the shed was controlled at 12~20℃, not lower than 10℃ and not higher than 25℃. Under the conditions of dark light, good ventilation and suitable temperature, Coprinus comatus produced neatly, with high yield, large individual and white mushroom body. In winter season, the outside world in the north is cold, the temperature difference between day and night is large, but the light is sufficient. We make full use of this advantage. We set up a small arch shed on the mushroom bed, cover the black film, use the principle of black film absorbing heat and shading, open the grass curtain of the greenhouse in the morning, let the sunlight penetrate into the greenhouse to warm up, and cover the grass curtain in the afternoon. At night, when the greenhouse temperature dropped to about 12℃, the temperature in the small arch shed was still maintained at 16~20℃, which created good temperature conditions for the normal growth of Coprinus comatus. From December 2001 to January 2002, this method was first adopted in Zhangye area of Gansu Province, so that Coprinus comatus could still produce normally when the outside temperature reached-26℃, and no fuel was used to heat it, which not only saved fuel cost, but also made up for the blank market in low season. 12 Harvesting and tide management

① When the mushroom cover becomes longer from round, the transverse diameter of the mushroom cover is slightly larger than that of the mushroom neck, and the mushroom cover is still tightly wrapped around the mushroom handle, it is the best harvest time, and it must be harvested in time and cannot be allowed to continue to grow; otherwise, the mushroom cover is aging and loose, and it is not resistant to storage, which not only makes it difficult to sell, but also affects the income. Moreover, it consumes nutrients, affects the overall yield and delays the time of turning to tide, which is not worth the loss. Harvesting once a day in low temperature season and 2 - 3 times in high temperature season.

② After the first tide mushroom is harvested, the aged roots, dead mushrooms, rotten mushrooms, etc. shall be cleaned up in time, the depression shall be leveled with soil, and 1% lime water (pH8) and nutrient solution (500~1000mL/m2 nutrient solution) shall be applied. If the bacteria mass in the bacteria bed is seriously short of water, the water injection method shall be adopted to supplement the moisture of the bacteria bed. After supplementing nutrient solution and water, enter tide management. After 7~15 days, a large number of fruiting bodies will grow on the fungus bed and high-yield ridge. With such management, 6~8 mushrooms can be harvested, and the fruiting period can reach half a year.