What are the forage varieties?

There are about 15000 species of forage grasses in the vegetation composition of natural grasslands in China, most of which are Gramineae and Leguminosae. There are more than 30 genera of Gramineae and 25 genera of Leguminosae cultivated frequently in temperate regions. They are usually divided into four types according to their feed value: ① grasses. The occurrence rate and richness of grassland community are in the first place, accounting for 60% to 90% in dry steppe and 20% to 35% in desertified grassland. ② leguminous forage. It is widely distributed and has a high content of protein and minerals (calcium), accounting for 1015% in grasslands and less than 10% in desertified grasslands. ③, Cyperaceae, herbage. Most of them are distributed in wet and swampy areas with slightly rough texture and more silicic acid after flowering. ④ miscellaneous grasses. Including other grasses other than the above three categories, mainly broad-leaved grass, widely distributed in natural grassland, the proportion generally accounts for 10%.

In addition, there are other ways to classify forages. According to the growth years, it can be divided into annual, biennial and perennial, mainly perennial in natural grassland. According to the plant shape and plant height, the upper plant can be divided into higher reproductive and vegetative branches, such as awnless brome, and the lower grass has a large proportion of short vegetative branches in the plant cluster, which is mostly distributed in the stem, such as fescue. Semi-upper grass, its branch composition and plant cluster shape are between the two, a large number of short vegetative branches form dense and broad clumps, which can be used both for cutting and grazing, such as perennial ryegrass. According to the characteristics of tillering and the way of vegetative reproduction, it can be divided into rhizome type, such as Leymus chinensis; root tiller type, such as bitter clover; sparse clump type, such as duck grass; dense cluster type, such as Stipa grandis; rhizome-sparse clump type, such as Kentucky bluegrass; creeping type, such as white clover; bulbous type, such as Mongolian onion; root neck type, such as alfalfa; rosette type, such as plantain; climbing stem type, such as Pueraria lobata, etc. According to the demand for water, it can be divided into wet forage grass in humid environment, such as bran grass, xerophytic forage grass in dry environment, such as Stipa, mesophytic forage grass in medium humidity environment, such as ladder grass, etc.

Characteristics.

Refers to the adaptability, cutting tolerance, grazing tolerance and life span of forage grass. Forage grass has different requirements for habitats (light, temperature, water, soil). For example, alfalfa and yellow alfalfa like light, duck grass is not strict on light, sorrel has strong shade tolerance; Sudan grass likes heat and drought tolerance, smooth brome, Stipa sibirica is cold-resistant, drought-resistant and trampling-resistant, small bran grass and sage grass have strong moisture resistance, which is suitable for marsh growth; amphibious Polygonum and water hyacinth can be terrestrial or aquatic; Artemisia forage has strong alkali tolerance and so on. The ability to restore the growth and reuse of the aboveground part of forage grass after mowing or grazing, trampling and fecal pollution is called the regeneration ability of forage grass. Usually the forage grass with strong regenerative ability has strong resistance to cutting and grazing. Among all kinds of forage grasses, grasses have different regeneration characteristics, such as awnless brome, high oatgrass, Leymus chinensis, orchard grass, awn and so on. The natural growth years of perennial grasses vary with species. The natural growth years of short-lived forages such as tall oatgrass and perennial ryegrass are 3-4 years, while those of middle-life forages such as ladder grass, orchard grass and sainfoin grass are 5-7 years. Long-lived forage such as brome grass can reach more than 20 years.

Here are some common forages:

Hybrid pennisetum

Pennisetum hybrid is a hybrid of pennisetum and elephant grass. It is a kind of high-yield and high-quality, temperature-loving and heat-resistant, suitable for feeding many kinds of herbivorous livestock and poultry, such as cattle, sheep, fish, ostrich, goose and rabbit.

Botanical morphology and biological characteristics: Pennisetum herbs. The height of the plant is about 3.5 meters. The roots are deep and dense, the fibrous roots are well developed, the root system expands widely, and the lower stem has aerial roots. Stem orchard-shaped, about 20 tillers per plant. Under the condition of high yield, the number of tillers increased exponentially after many times of cutting. There are about 20 tillers per tiller. Under the condition of high yield, the tiller is several times stingy after many times of cutting. There are about twenty-five nodes in each tiller. The leaves are long and strip-shaped, 60 meters long and 80 centimeters long and 2.5 centimeters wide. Can heading, panicle dense for spikes, not fruiting. Strong lodging resistance, drought resistance, moisture resistance and acid resistance, can still grow in PH5.5 soil, salt tolerance, can grow in moderate saline soil. There is a great demand for fertilizers, especially ammonia fertilizers.

After many years of cultivation and application, no disease or insect harm has been found. Adapt to a wide range of areas, any area that can produce cotton or corn can grow, but because it is not cold-resistant, the longer the frost-free period, the higher the biological yield. In the area south of 27 degrees north latitude in China, it is perennial, once sowing, making use of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River for many years, using high-yield cultivation techniques, the yield per mu can reach more than 10,000 kg on the soil with medium fertility. It can supply grass from the middle of June to before the first frost, and the growth is the most prosperous in July and August. It has been supplying grass for many years in Fujian and Liangguang, with a yield of 20,000 kilograms. Its crude protein content is higher, when the plant height is 120 cm, the crude protein content in dry matter is 9.95%, and the content of various amino acids is higher than that of corn. Feed fish, pigs, geese and rabbits and cut them when they grow to about 1 meter. The height of cutting stubble is 10ml / 15cm. Ploughing and soil cultivation after mowing combined with fertilization is a very important measure to ensure root development and promote tillering and growth. the thickness of soil cultivation is 10 ~ 15 cm. Can be green cutting, can also be prepared silage, such as into grass powder, will obtain greater economic benefits.

Mexican corngrass

Mexican corn grass is a genetically stable new variety of green forage corn, with a plant height of 2-3 meters, strong regeneration and strong tillering ability. each clump has more than 60 branches, up to more than 90 branches, stout stems, luxuriant branches and leaves, crisp texture and sweet taste. it is an excellent green fodder for cattle, sheep, rabbits, fish and pigs. Mexican corngrass is resistant to acid, water, fertilizer and heat, and has lax requirements on soil. it is suitable for planting in most agricultural areas of mainland China. The growth period is 200 / 230days, and the regeneration ability is strong. It can be cut 8 times a year and yield 25,000-30,000 kg per mu of green stems and leaves. Its crude protein content is 13.68%, crude fiber content is 22.73%, and lysine content is 0.42%. High lysine corn kernels contain lysic acid, so its digestibility is higher. One kilogram of fresh fish can be cultivated with 22 kilograms of feed, which can be used to feed dairy cows. The average daily milk yield per head is 4.5% higher than that of ordinary green fodder. One mu of Mexican corn can be planted, and it can be up to 8 murals and 10 mu of corn.

The sowing season of Mexican corngrass is similar to that of corn, which can be raised and transplanted, or direct seeded. The distance between rows and plants is 50 × 30 cm, and there are 6000 trees per mu, with 3 seeds per hole, 2 cm in depth and 1000 grams per mu. The seedling height of 50 cm can be cut for the first time, and each stubble is slightly higher than the original 1. 5 cm. Pay attention not to cut off the growing point in order to facilitate regeneration.

Sudan grass

Outstanding features:

1 long green vegetative growth zone and high digestibility

(2) strong heat resistance and certain cold resistance

3The cold resistance is very strong

(4) strong tillering ability and regeneration ability.

5 the growth rate is fast

(6) the variety has high sugar content, fresh and tender stems and leaves, and good palatability.

The main results are as follows: 1 Sudan grass is an annual herb of Gramineae sorghum, with a strong root system, a plant height of 2-3 meters, a round and smooth stem, a stem diameter of 0.8-2.0 cm, and adventitious roots at stem nodes near the ground. Strong ability to tiller, there are 20-30 tillers. Leaf blade broadly linear, up to 60 cm long, ca. 4 cm wide, panicle, sparse, 30-80 cm long, spikelets opposite, fruiting spikelets sessile, sterile spikelets stipitate, unisexual flowers, only stamens but no stamens. The fruit is caryopsis. The seeds are ovate, slightly flattened, closely inserted in the glume, yellow, brown or black, and weigh 9-10 grams per thousand.

(2) Sudan grass has the advantages of high sugar content, strong regeneration, rich leaves and low lignin content. It has the characteristics of cycle sensitivity and brown midrib, which can prolong the green vegetative growth period and improve the digestibility respectively. Scope of application:

Cutting Sudan grass at heading stage has high nutritional value and good palatability. herbivorous livestock like to eat, and it is also a high-quality bait for grass carp, mackerel and other herbivorous fish. The feed coefficient is 25-30, that is, 25-30 kg fresh Sudan grass gain 1 kg of high-quality grass carp, which is the main feed source of grass carp in summer and autumn. The stem and leaf dry matter contains 15.3% crude protein, 2.8% crude fat, 25.9% crude fiber, 47.2% nitrogen-free extract and 8.8% crude ash. After flowering, the stem hardens and the quality of forage grass decreases. Stems and leaves are suitable for green feeding, preparation of high-quality hay, silage or direct grazing. There is hydrocyanic acid in the seedling stage, if the growth is inhibited in case of drought or cold weather, the hydrocyanic acid content is higher, which is dangerous to cause poisoning of grazing livestock. When the plant is more than 50-60 cm, grazing, or slightly drying after cutting, livestock poisoning can be avoided. Establishment and maintenance:

Sudan grass consumes a lot of soil fertility and is not suitable for continuous cropping, so it should be arranged after green harvest of soybean and wheat crops in feed rotation. Combined with ploughing and soil preparation, 1500 kg of barnyard manure per mu was applied as base fertilizer. When the soil temperature at 5.0cm of topsoil is stable to 10-12 ℃, the row spacing of strip sowing is 45-50 cm, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the sowing amount per mu is 1.0-2.0kg. Pay attention to ploughing and weeding at seedling stage and appropriate irrigation in case of drought. After mowing, 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer was applied per mu to increase the yield of regenerated grass. The yield of fresh grass per mu was 3000-5000 kg per mu, and the row spacing of the remaining field was 62%. When most of the main branch seeds are mature, they can be harvested, yielding 50-150 kg of seeds per mu.