Cultivation and management techniques of ryegrass in winter

Ryegrass (scientific name: Lolium perenne L) perennial ryegrass with 30-90 cm tall culms and soft roots on basal nodes. Ligule ca. 2 mm; leaf blade soft, puberulent, sometimes auriculate. Spikes erect or slightly curved; rachilla smooth glabrous; glumes lanceolate, margin narrowly membranous; Lemma oblong, herbaceous, smooth, apex awnless; two ridges shortly ciliate. The caryopsis is about 3 times as long as its width. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July.

Morphological characteristics of ryegrass

Perennial, with thin and weak rhizomes. Culms tufted, 30-90 cm tall, with 3-4 nodes, soft, rooting on basal nodes. Ligule ca. 2 mm; leaf blade linear, 5-20 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, soft, puberulent, sometimes with auricles. Spikes erect or slightly curved, 10-20 cm long and 5-8 mm wide; rachilla internodes ca. 1 mm long, smooth glabrous; glumes lanceolate, with 5 veins, margins narrowly membranous; Lemma oblong, herbaceous, 5-9 mm long, 5-veined, smooth, base conspicuous, apex Awned, or upper spikelet shortly Awned, first Lemma ca. 7 mm. Palea as long as Lemma, two ridges shortly ciliate. The caryopsis is about 3 times as long as its width. The flowering and fruiting period is from May to July.

Cultivation and management techniques of ryegrass in winter

I. Land selection

Ryegrass is not strict to the soil, especially in paddy fields, the soil is generally mature and has good drainage and irrigation conditions, so it is suitable for ryegrass cultivation. II. Variety selection

For the purpose of obtaining high yield and high quality green fodder in short winter, more early-maturing varieties should be selected, such as tetraploid Tetragold, Aberdeen, Ganxuan No.1, Miaoqi Qingye and diploid Sakura Zaosheng and Zaoshengfeng. Third, sowing date

The optimum temperature for ryegrass seed germination is 13 ℃ 20 ℃. It is difficult to germinate when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃. Therefore, the sowing date should be selected according to different sowing methods, and it is better to sow from mid-October to late November. 4. Sowing method

The sowing method of ryegrass can be chosen according to different needs, sowing at the bottom of rice can be chosen under the condition of labor shortage, and seedling and transplanting can be selected when grass is needed as soon as possible. Sowing ryegrass seeds on the soil surface of late rice population 20 ℃ 30 days before late rice harvest. Soak ryegrass seeds in warm water (about 35 ℃) for 8 hours, remove and drain, mix them with fine sand and sow them with fine sand. The sowing rate is 1 kilogram / mu, and cut as low as possible during rice harvest so as not to affect the future ryegrass harvest. Seedling transplanting: 30 days before late rice harvest, according to the sowing rate of 4mur5 kg / mu, the seedlings were first raised on the ready seedbed, and the late rice was planted in the rice field after harvest, with two seedlings in each hole, with a distance of 2030 cm. The seedling bed per mu can meet the seed and seedling needs of 8 Mu and 10 mu field production (the actual seed consumption is 0 kilogram / mu). Using seedling transplanting, grass can be supplied early, and green fodder can be provided at the end of December or early January. V. Field management

Ryegrass likes to be wet and afraid of flooding, so it must be drained and irrigated in time. In addition, ryegrass is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilization combined with irrigation can greatly improve the yield and quality of ryegrass. Ryegrass must apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, and topdressing should be carried out after emergence, which can be applied once at three-leaf stage and tillering stage, with compound fertilizer of 5kg each time. After each harvest, it is also necessary to topdressing, the application of compound fertilizer 10m / mu is 15kg, which should be carried out 6 days after harvest. In order to avoid the decline of soil fertility, compound fertilizer should be applied and urea should be avoided as far as possible, and the amount of fertilizer applied during the whole cultivation period is 75kg / mu. VI. Harvesting and utilization

When the ryegrass is 40m high and 50cm high, you can start to cut the grass for the first time, and then harvest every 15m of ryegrass every 30 days as needed, and pay attention to the stubble height of 5cm each time to facilitate regeneration. In order not to affect the production of early rice, the last cutting should be carried out about 15 days before early rice transplanting, and the field should be ploughed and retted immediately after ploughing. During ploughing, 15 Mu of lime can be applied per mu to accelerate the decomposition of ryegrass roots and can also be used as field disinfection to promote rice growth.