How to cultivate hybrid pennisetum for high yield

Pennisetum (scientific name: Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng) perennial. The fibrous root is stout. Culms erect, tufted, densely pilose under inflorescence. Leaf sheath smooth, compressed on both sides, main veins ridged, spanning at base, longer than internodes at upper part of culm; ligule with ca. 2.5 mm cilia; leaf blade linear, base verrucous. Panicle erect; main axis densely pilose; peduncle 2-3 (- 5) mm long; bristles light green or purple; anthers apically glabrous; style United at base. Caryopsis oblong. The cell structure of leaf epidermis is different from that of upper and lower epidermis, the upper surface is long cylindrical and corrugated, and the lower surface is long cylindrical with thick wall. Flowering and fruiting, summer and autumn.

Most of them were born on the banks of fields, wastelands, roadsides and hillsides at an altitude of 50m to 3200m. It's distributed all over the world. It has strong adaptability to soil, slight alkaline resistance and drought and barren soil. The root system of perennial pennisetum is well developed and has a good function of soil consolidation and slope protection. Its whole grass, root or rhizome can be used for medicine, among which, the whole grass can clear heat, cool blood and stop bleeding; root or rhizome can clear heat and detoxify. In addition, it is a kind of forage plant and ornamental plant.

Characteristics of hybrid pennisetum

The roots of hybrid pennisetum are deep and dense, and the fibrous roots are well developed, and the root systems are mainly distributed in the 0--20cm soil layer. The stem is round, tufted, rough and erect, with a general plant height of about 3.5m and 20 tillers per plant. After many times of cutting, the tiller can be doubled. The leaves are long and alternate, and the leaves are about 60--80cm long and 2.5cm wide. The leaf margin is densely setose, the leaf surface has sparse hairs, and the middle rib is obvious. Panicle is columnar, spike yellowish brown, long 20--30cm, spike diameter 2--3cm, spikelets lanceolate. It is generally not fruiting because it is unable to form pollen or the pistil is dysplastic. Hybrid Langwei steppe produces tropical and subtropical regions, so the warm and humid climate is the most suitable for growth. Generally speaking, the daily average temperature begins to grow when the daily average temperature reaches 15 ℃, and the fastest growth occurs when the daily average temperature reaches 30 ℃. When the temperature is below 10 ℃, the growth is obviously inhibited, and when the temperature is below 0 ℃, it will freeze to death. Hybrid pennisetum has strong stress resistance and can grow in most soil. the fertile and moist soil is very beneficial to the high yield of forage grass. It is resistant to lodging, drought, moisture and saline-alkali tolerance. It has been planted in Nanjing for many years and no obvious disease and insect pests have been found. The general yield is 150000 kg/ ha, and the yield of fresh grass in the high yield field can reach 225000 kg/ ha.

How can hybrid pennisetum be cultivated for high yield?

Land preparation

Hybrid pennisetum has well-developed roots and needs a deep soil layer, generally deep ploughing 30cm, preferably in winter to ensure that the soil is loose. Rake the land to make the border in March, the width of the border is 4m, open a set of ditches in the field well, and avoid stagnant water in the field. The field was transplanted in mid-late April.

Raising seedlings

The first generation of hybrid seeds should be propagated first. 15000 kg/ ha of organic fertilizer for seedbed, or 300kg/ ha of pure nitrogen, plus 300kg/ ha of superphosphate. The seeds in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were sown in late March, and the seeds used in the seedling bed were 22.5--30.0kg/ ha, with thin strip sowing and row spacing 15--18cm. First, ditches were opened, insecticides were applied to control underground pests to bite seeds, and after sowing, a small shed was set up to cover with film. The nursery bed temperature should be controlled at 20 Mel 25 ℃ to keep the soil moist after sowing to ensure the whole seedling. When the seedlings grew to 4 straight leaves of 3 Mel, chemical fertilizer could be applied once and urea 30--45kg/ ha could be applied. Ploughing after fertilization, the chemical fertilizer will be buried in the soil, if the seedbed is dry, it should be artificially irrigated.

Reasonable close planting

When the seedlings grow to 8 true leaves, they can be transplanted to the field. The seedlings in a 1 hectare seedbed can be planted in a field of 30 murmurs of 40 hectares, with about 45000 plants per hectare, with a row distance of 30cmx60cm and 1 seedling per hole.

Field management

When the hybrid pennisetum moves into the field, because the temperature is not high and the growth is slow, the weeds quickly occupy the land and press the pennisetum. Therefore, early weeding is very important. After living trees, the soil should be ploughed and loosened in time to promote the increase of soil temperature and fertility.

Timely cutting

The suitable cutting height of Pennisetum equisetum is about 1.3m, which affects the yield too early and the quality too late. The height of stubble is generally 15--18cm. Too high and too low will affect regeneration and yield. Fertilization and ploughing should be applied in time after each cutting. The annual yield is 15000-22500 kg/ ha by mowing 4 Mel 5 times per year. The grass supply period in South China is about 300d/a, and the grass supply 180--220d/an in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can supply fresh grass from the first ten days of June to the end of October.

Use

The fresh grass cut at 1.3m height can be used to feed large livestock. If it is used to feed rabbits, geese and other livestock as fish feed, the harvest height is 70--100cm, and it can be harvested 10 times per year. According to the experiment, 25kg fresh grass can produce 1.5kg fresh fish. Because the stalk of Pennisetum hybrid is relatively hard in the late growth stage, it can be cut twice in spring as fodder, and then reserved for silage.