Grafting technique of Ginkgo biloba in autumn

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree of Ginkgo biloba family. Ginkgo biloba, which appeared hundreds of millions of years ago, is the oldest relict of gymnosperms left over from the Quaternary glacier movement. Ginkgo biloba is rare and scattered in the world, hundreds of years old trees are rare, and all other plants of the same class have become extinct, so ginkgo biloba is also known as a living fossil. Varieties and varieties are: yellow leaf ginkgo, tower ginkgo biloba, split ginkgo biloba, weeping branch ginkgo biloba, ginkgo leaf ginkgo and so on 26 kinds. The fruit of ginkgo tree is commonly known as ginkgo, so ginkgo is also known as ginkgo tree. The ginkgo tree grows slowly and has a very long life. Under natural conditions, it takes more than 20 years from planting to bearing ginkgo fruit, and it takes 40 years to bear a large amount of fruit. Therefore, some people call it "Gongsun tree", which means "the male species and the sun gets food." it is the old birthday boy in the tree, which has ornamental, economic and medicinal value.

Geographical distribution of ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba first appeared in the Carboniferous period 345 million years ago. It was once widely distributed in Europe, Asia and America in the Northern Hemisphere, and ginkgo biloba was widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere in the Mesozoic Jurassic and began to decline in the late Cretaceous. By 500000 years ago, it had become extinct in most parts of Europe, North America and Asia, and only China had survived. Ginkgo biloba distribution mostly belongs to artificial cultivation areas, mainly cultivated in China, France and South Carolina. There is no doubt that foreign ginkgo biloba are introduced directly or indirectly from China.

Ginkgo biloba is widely distributed in China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, France, Russia and other countries and regions. Ginkgo biloba has a wide range of physical geographical distribution. From the point of view of horizontal natural distribution, the distance of east-west distribution of Ginkgo biloba near 30 °north latitude is the longest. In China, the cultivation area of Ginkgo biloba is very wide, mainly distributed in temperate and subtropical climatic regions, across 21 °30 °N from 41 °46 °N and 97 °~ 125 °E, covering 22 provinces (autonomous regions) and 3 municipalities directly under the Central Government. Ancient ginkgo biloba trees with good growth have been found in the eastern plain to the southwest mountain area from several meters to tens of meters above sea level. In terms of resource distribution, Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guizhou and other provinces are the most.

Grafting technique of Ginkgo biloba in autumn

Autumn pick-up time

It is appropriate to graft Ginkgo biloba in autumn from mid-August to mid-late September, and the specific time can be flexibly controlled according to different climate. Scion selection

The fine ginkgo tree species that have begun to bear fruit in the local area should be selected as the mother tree, and should be collected when the new shoots stop growing and the branches become lignified. The scion cut should be a well-developed new shoot of the year. In order to prevent the scion from losing water, the leaves should be removed immediately after cutting. If the bud grafting method is used, the petiole should be left when the leaves are removed; if the branch grafting method is used, no petiole should be left. The branches had better be grafted along with picking and transportation. When grafting in the field, it should be placed in a washbasin or bucket with a little water and covered with a wet cloth. Grafting method

The autumn grafting of ginkgo biloba mainly adopts the splitting method or tongue grafting method. The height of cutting rootstock by wall grafting should be determined according to the length of scion, and the height of rootstock intercepted is 2 times of scion length. The scion can have 3-4 buds. Use a knife to split longitudinally in the middle of the cut of the rootstock, and the depth depends on the thickness of the scion. Anyway, one knife is cut at the lower end of the scion to make it into a wedge. The wood layer between the two cutting faces should be slightly thicker on one side and thinner on the other, and the cutting surface should be smooth and smooth. Then insert the scion by the split of the rootstock, so that the rootstock closely matches the cambium of the scion, and finally fasten it with binding material. The length of scion and the height of intercepted rootstock of tongue grafting method are the same as those of split grafting method. The diameter of rootstock and scion had better be equal, if not equal, the diameter of scion should be smaller than that of rootstock. Cut the scion and the rootstock 3 cm-4 cm long slope, and then cut 1 cm-2 cm each straight from the slope 2 + 3 to make it tongue-like and embedded in each other. If the scion and the rootstock are of the same thickness, the two sides of the scion and the rootstock are aligned. If the rootstock is a little thicker, it can be aligned on one side and tied at last. Post-management

The grafting temperature is high in autumn, as long as the appropriate humidity is maintained and the management measures such as weeding and fertilization are carried out in time, the interface can heal quickly and the scion can sprout. But it can not be untied until it sprouts in the following spring.