Cultivation and management techniques of outdoor mushroom bed of Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus (scientific name: Pleurotus ostreatus;, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, black peony mushroom, Taiwan also known as Pleurotus ostreatus) is a species of Pleurotus ostreatus under basidiomycetes, and it is a very common gray edible mushroom. It has the effect of chasing wind and dispelling cold, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. It is used to treat waist and leg pain, numbness of hands and feet, blockage of muscles and collaterals and other diseases. The protein polysaccharide in Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells and can enhance the immune function of the body.

Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to tetrapolar heterogenous combination of edible fungi. The life history of Pleurotus ostreatus is similar to that of many higher basidiomycetes, and basidiospores are produced by fruiting body maturation. Basidiospores eject from the folds of mature fruiting bodies, grow bud tubes in a suitable environment, are multinucleated at the initial stage, and quickly form a diaphragm, one for each cell is flat, orderly and dense, and there is no "yellow tip" phenomenon. After growing for a few days, it is easy to appear old fungus skin, the skin is tight and hard.

Pleurotus ostreatus and other wide-temperature species: aerial hyphae less than the first three, flat growth, no "yellow shoot". After growing all over the slope, it is very easy to form a fungus skin, which is soft, elastic and difficult to divide.

Mycelium. The mycelia of all cultivated species were white, white, dense and varied in the number of aerial hyphae on Agar medium. Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus: the aerial hyphae are dense, and yellow secretions often appear on the aerial hyphae in the later stage of culture, resulting in the phenomenon of "yellow tip". Does not form fungus skins.

The fruiting body. The common morphological characteristics of each seed body of Pleurotus ostreatus are as follows: pleated growth and lateral stalk growth. The main basis for taxonomic identification of different species is host, cap color, occurrence season, structure in seed layer, spores and so on. Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus: Pleurotus ostreatus cap is 5-21 cm in diameter, grayish white, light gray, tile gray, bluish gray, gray to dark gray, and the edge of the cap is round. The stipe is short, 1-3 cm long and 1-2 cm thick, often tomentose at the base. The cap and stalk are soft. The spores are printed in white, and some varieties are slightly lotus root. The fruiting body is often fir-born or even superimposed.

Cultivation and management techniques of outdoor mushroom bed of Pleurotus ostreatus

1. Choice of mushroom bed

Should choose shelter from the wind to the sun, close to the water source, smooth drainage, less harm to poultry or arable land, or orchard forest clearing to dig mushroom beds. The mushroom bed is north-south, about 10 cm deep, 1 m wide and arbitrary in length. Leave a cement ridge about 10 centimeters wide or a small ditch in the middle of the bed. After digging the mushroom bed, disinfect it with 1% lime water or lime powder. 2. Preparation of culture materials

Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in culture materials, such as cottonseed shell, wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, bagasse, corncob and rapeseed shell, but the cottonseed shell has the highest yield and good economic benefit. For the preparation of cottonseed shell culture material, 96% of the fresh and mildew-free cottonseed shell is generally used, first exposed to the sun for 1-2 days, stacked on the cement field, adding 2% gypsum, 2% calcium superphosphate, and then adding 0.02% carbendazim or thiophanate pesticides to prevent contamination of miscellaneous bacteria during culture. On this basis, a small amount of urea can be added, but not too much, otherwise the mycelium grows well, the fruiting body develops poorly, and the yield is not high. Mix the culture material well and add water to make the cottonseed shell absorb enough water and nutrient solution. Generally, 60-75 kg of water is added to the cottonseed shell every 50 kg, and the culture material is pinched tightly by hand, with the degree of water dripping between the fingers, and the water content is about 68%. Because many miscellaneous bacteria prefer acid environment, the culture materials are often mixed into neutral or alkaline in production in order to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. 3. Sowing and cultivation

After the material is mixed, it can be spread into the mushroom bed. Generally 10-15 kg per square meter of paving material, about 10-15 cm thick. Smooth out, and then add Pleurotus ostreatus strains, the amount of bacteria per square meter of 4-6 bottles, sowing time spread a layer of material, the next layer of bacteria, so generally 2-3 layers is appropriate. After sowing, gently pat the strain and culture material with a plank to form the back of the tortoise. The material surface is covered with old newspaper and plastic film to keep warm and moisture. finally, cover the film with a straw curtain. IV. Bedside management

After the bed is covered with plastic film and straw curtain, the hyphae of Pleurotus ostreatus will grow quickly in the material. Usually after 20-30 days, the hyphae will grow all over the whole culture material. When the mycelium has been sent to the bottom of the bed, it shows that the mycelium on the material surface has matured. When the hyphae began to form piles of millet granular small yellow beads on the material surface, it indicated that the fruiting body had begun to form. At this time, the newspaper should be removed, and when there are small mushroom buds on more than 60% of the bed, the plastic film can be set up. The method is to use a bamboo arc to support both sides of the border and cover the plastic film. Because Pleurotus ostreatus is an aerobic fungus, it needs scattered light at the stage of fruiting body development, so the membrane should be uncovered and ventilated 1-2 times a day. When the mushroom cover grows to the size of a nickel, it is necessary to irrigate the ditch or spray a small amount of water on the border surface many times to keep the air humidity in the border at 80-90%. The mushroom buds will grow rapidly and soon become blossoming Pleurotus ostreatus. If turquoise or yellow-black dots are found on the bed surface during the fruiting body growth stage, this is miscellaneous bacteria. The number of ventilation should be increased and the ventilation time should be prolonged immediately, and then the disease site should be covered with quicklime or watered with 0.2% carbendazim solution. V. Harvest

When the color of Pleurotus ostreatus is grayish white or dark gray and the cover is shiny, it can be harvested. The harvest of Pleurotus ostreatus should be timely, if it is not harvested in time, it will be scattered, that is, a large number of spores will be ejected to reproduce, and the mushroom body will age quickly, thus losing its edible value. When harvesting, use a sharp knife to cut the whole cluster of mushrooms, or turn the bacteria to harvest to prevent Pleurotus ostreatus from breaking or pulling out the material surface. After the Pleurotus ostreatus is harvested, the mushroom bed should be ventilated and suspended for 1-2 days, then covered with film for heat preservation and moisturizing, and the management of the next tide of mushrooms should be carried out.