What about the deformity of hericium Erinaceus?

Hericium Erinaceus (scientific name: Hericium erinaceus) is a traditional Chinese valuable dish with tender meat, delicious taste and delicious taste. It is one of the four famous dishes (hericium Erinaceus, bear paw, sea cucumber and shark's fin). It is known as "Shanzhen hericium, seafood bird's nest". This kind of dentistry fungus, the fungus umbrella surface has furry flesh thorns, about 1-3 cm long, its fruiting body is round and thick, white when fresh, from light yellow to light brown after drying, the base is narrow or slightly short handle, the upper part is dilated, the diameter is 3.5-10 cm, it looks like golden hericium from a distance, it is called "hericium Erinaceus", it is also like hedgehog, so it is also known as "hedgehog". Hericium Erinaceus is a delicious mountain treasure, fresh and tender meat, mellow and delicious, known as "vegetarian meat".

Morphological characteristics of hericium Erinaceus

Hericium Erinaceus, which looks like the head of a monkey, gets its name. The spores are transparent and colorless, the surface is smooth, spherical or nearly spherical, and the size is about 6.57.5 & micro; m × 5 × 5.5.The spores are transparent, colorless, spherical or nearly spherical. The mycelial cell wall is thin, with transverse septum and lock-like union. The diameter of mycelium is 10-20. It is one of the four famous dishes (hericium Erinaceus, bear paw, sea cucumber and shark's fin). The fruiting body is massive, flat hemispherical or head-shaped, fleshy, 5-15cm in diameter, unbranched (different from pseudohericium Erinaceus). It turns white when fresh and brown or light brown when dry. Fruiting body base narrow or slightly shortly stipitate. The spines are dense and drooping, covering the whole fruiting body, and the spines are cylindrical in shape, with spines 1-5cm long and 1-2mm thick. The surface of each fine thorn is covered with fruiting layer, on which there are dense basidiospores and cysts, but four basidiospores are produced on the seed, and wild hericium Erinaceus generally grows in pairs.

What about the deformity of hericium Erinaceus?

In the process of cultivation of hericium Erinaceus, malformation of fruiting body is often caused by poor ventilation, improper water management, high temperature, low humidity and so on. Such as one-sided emphasis on humidity and poor ventilation in growth, when the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 0.1%, it will constantly stimulate the branching of the base of the fruiting body, forming a coral shape, so that the spherical fruiting body can not be formed, affecting the quality of the product. If the high temperature is more than 25 ℃ and the air humidity is low, the bald fruiting body without fungus thorn is easy to appear.

The main ways to prevent and overcome abnormal hericium Erinaceus are as follows: when coral fruiting body appears, ventilation should be strengthened to promote its healthy growth, and its symptoms can be quickly eliminated. For young buds that have formed coral shape, it should be dug up together with a layer of culture material on the surface immediately so that normal fruiting bodies can grow under suitable conditions. When producing baldness in the entity, it is necessary to strengthen water management and spray water to the space or the ground to reduce the temperature and replenish the water. In addition, when abnormal hericium Erinaceus is produced due to excessive passage times and degeneration of species, purification and rejuvenation should be adopted to cultivate excellent strains and improve species quality and purity.

In the cultivation of hericium Erinaceus, because the cultivation management is out of control, abnormal mushroom bodies often appear, which directly reduce the commodity value and affect the economic benefits of producers, so it has become a difficulty in production. This paper introduces the type, posture, causes and avoiding measures of abnormal mushroom.

First, the bald type without thorns:

The mushroom body is branched in clusters, enlarged, the surface is wrinkled and rough, without bristles, the meat is crisp, slightly yellowish brown, and the flavor is normal. The main reason is that the temperature is on the high side, the humidity is on the low side, the water evaporation of the fruiting body is often too large under the condition of 25 ℃, and the humidity does not keep up in time, which leads to the formation of Pleurotus ostreatus. Preventive measures: pay attention to temperature control and moisturizing. When the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the mushroom bed cultivation in the field should remove the mulch film in the morning and evening and open the two mulch covers during the day to make it breathable; border and ditch irrigation to reduce ground temperature, space spraying of atomized water to increase humidity, maintain relative humidity more than 90%; and thicken the shade canopy to reduce sunlight penetration and reduce water evaporation.

Second, coral cluster type:

The base of the mushroom was clustered with many branches, which was shaped like coral, and a root-like fungal cord was obviously connected to the culture medium. Some of the seed entities die in the mushroom stage, some can continue to grow and develop, and the top of the branchlets continue to expand, forming multiple states of small bodies. The main reason is that the deposition of too much carbon dioxide concentration stimulates the continuous differentiation of the stalk, inhibits the development of the central part, resulting in the formation of irregular butterfly, and also because the culture material contains aromatic compound germicidal substances, so that the mycelium growth is inhibited or stimulated; often because of heat preservation and moisture preservation, ignoring ventilation and ventilation, in this kind of saturated humidity and still air conditions, forcing the fruit body to develop abnormally. Preventive measures: (1) strengthen ventilation and improve environmental conditions. (2) in the selection of culture materials, attention should be paid to the removal of trees containing germicidal substances, such as fir, pine, camphor, locust and so on. (3) A coral-like fruiting body has been formed, which can be scraped off together with the surface culture material at an early age, and then cultured again, and the mushroom can be produced as usual.

Third, abnormal color:

The color of the mushroom body turned yellow, the spines were short and thick; some fruiting bodies were red, or the young mushrooms were pink from the beginning to maturity, and the mushroom body tasted bitter. The main reason for this kind of color change is that the temperature is on the low side, often because of the cultivation in autumn and winter, the temperature drops suddenly, the growth stage of the seed is less than 10 ℃, the mushroom body turns red, and the color deepens with the decrease of air temperature. Some due to ventilation, the fruiting body is stimulated by direct current wind, and the mushroom body is yellow. For mushrooms with discoloration, we should distinguish the etiology and symptomatic treatment. If it is caused by low temperature, when arranging inoculation, it is necessary to consider that the local temperature should not be lower than 14 ℃ about 25 days after vaccination, which is the boundary to calculate the best inoculation period, so that the damage caused by low temperature can be avoided. Heating method: field planting can cover the film, ventilate when the temperature is high at noon, and dilute the cover to attract light to increase the temperature; at the same time, try to avoid ventilation directly blowing on the mushroom body, or on the mushroom bag at the tuyere, cover with wet gauze.

Fourth, atrophy and mildew type:

The mushroom body grew normally in the early stage, the middle bristles collapsed, the mushroom body shrunk, and some mushroom bodies became brown and moldy. The former is often due to high temperature, dry air, obvious lack of water, so that stop growing, gradually shrink and dry up. Should spray water space in time, a small amount of spray on the mushroom body to restore it. If the mushroom body is found to be moldy, it is a disease or mold invasion, should strengthen ventilation, cooling. Mildew has been dug up in time, and local application of 3% bleach or 1% white ash water to control the spread.