Planting time, maintenance method and use of clover

Clover is a perennial herb of the genus Leguminosae, which is the most widely distributed leguminous forage, and it is also the most suitable for grazing. It is native to Europe, Asia and Africa. At present, it is distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, and cultivated in warm temperate and subtropical regions of China. It is not only a high-quality forage grass for herbivorous livestock and poultry, but also an excellent ornamental lawn commonly used in modern gardens.

Clover has strong cold tolerance. When the temperature dropped to 0 ℃, some of the old leaves were withered and yellow, and the leaflets on the main root were close to the ground and stopped growing, but still remained green. Therefore, the green period is very long. The requirement of soil is not strict, it can adapt to various soil types, and grow well in acidic soil. Like warm, sunny, good drainage environmental conditions. The growth is slow under the condition of drought, and some die in the high temperature season. Resistant to pruning, trampling, strong regeneration ability, regeneration leaflets can grow within 10 days after pruning. After high strength trampling or crushing, it can be recovered in 3 ~ 5 days. It is easy to grow under strong shade, resulting in poor growth. Strong ability to resist harmful gas pollution and disease and insect pests.

Planting time of clover

Before sowing, the seed germination test should be carried out to grasp the seed germination rate and germination potential. The germination rate of clover seeds is 75%-85%, and its germination potential is very strong. All the clover seeds can germinate 2-3 days after sowing, and all seedlings can emerge in 4-5 days. Before sowing, clover rhizobia can be used to treat seeds. After inoculation with rhizobium, clover grows vigorously and the effect of nitrogen fixation is enhanced. The method of seed dressing is to mash the root nodules of clover and dilute the seeds with water, and the soaked seeds shall prevail. It can also be mixed with the commercial clover rhizobium agent.

Clover can be sowed in spring or autumn, spring in late March and autumn in mid-September. Autumn sowing is dominant in the south and spring sowing is dominant in the north. Sowing can also be done in summer, but after sowing, the topsoil must be moist or shaded with mulch. The suitable sowing rate of Sanye Jianping is 8~10g/ grain. There are 1 400 to 2 000 seeds per gram of clover. In theory, one seed per square centimeter of soil can meet the needs of forming a flat. The actual sowing rate is larger than the theoretical sowing rate.

When sowing, the seeds are divided equally according to the plot area and the determined sowing amount, and the seeds are evenly mixed with dry soil or fine river sand, and sowed artificially. If the lawn is planted in a large area, it can be sown with a whirlwind seeder. The sowing depth of clover is 1~1.5cm. After the seeds are sown in the turf bed, the seeds can be raked into the soil with lawn rakes, or 1cm can be covered with fertile soil or substrate.

Maintenance method of clover

The clover grows slowly at the seedling stage, and the management before the lawn is built is very important. After the seeds are sown in the turf bed, sprinkler irrigation can be carried out if the sprinkler irrigation system is installed in advance. If there is no sprinkler system, the self-made sprinkler can be used to spray and irrigate manually. Spray every morning or evening to keep the surface of the bed moist until seedling emergence. The times of spraying water can be reduced after emergence, but it still needs careful management. The seedling stage was managed for about 30 to 50 days. During this period, in addition to watering to keep the turf bed moist, weeds should be removed at any time, mainly by manual pulling to prevent the harm of weeds. In general, cotyledons were unearthed 4-5 days after sowing. On the 8th and 10th day, the first true leaf grew out and was a single leaf. On the 13th and 15th day, the second true leaf grew out, which was palmately Ternate. After 20 days, the third true leaf grew, and the seedling height was about 5cm. After 30 to 50 days, the ground can be covered and the lawn can be formed. For the turf bed sown in summer, it should be covered with straw or wheat straw, which can not only avoid the harm of high temperature, but also keep the bed moist. When the real leaves grow to cover the ground, take the cover off when it is overcast or in the evening.

After the clover lawn is built, because of its strong invasiveness, it is not necessary to carry out intermediate ploughing and weeding. Because nitrogen-fixing rhizobium can absorb nitrogen in the air and transform it into a form that can be used by plants. Therefore, fertilization is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, no or less nitrogen fertilizer. In the growing season and overwintering, it is necessary to provide sufficient water to ensure exuberant growth and safe overwintering. Before the height of summer, it can be cut once and watered enough to keep the plant green. Cut it again before overwintering and pour enough winter water. In this way, when it turns green in the coming year, there will be no withered and yellow branches and leaves on the flat surface. Clover has strong ability to resist pollution and diseases and insect pests, and has less diseases and insect pests. When there are leafhoppers, weevil, ground tiger and other pests, you can use dimethoate, dichlorvos and other spray.

In addition to direct seeding and turf construction, clover can also use the methods of substrate seedling cultivation and separate planting and propagation to build lawn.

Chemical weeding in this period can effectively reduce the occurrence of weeds after sowing. In general, perennial root weeds must be picked out during soil preparation, and then light watering will be carried out to promote weed seed germination. When the weeds are basically out, use glyphosate or paraquat to kill. Although glyphosate and paraquat are extinct herbicides, they become ineffective after contact with soil for about eight hours and will not affect the germination of clover seeds sown a few days later.

This method is suitable for building turf in summer or when weeds are not easy to be removed. The specific method is to choose a free site, bare land, brick land, concrete land and so on. Lay a layer of 3~5cm thick matrix on the site, the matrix can be river sand, peat soil, vermiculite and other materials. The clover seeds were sown in the substrate, the sowing depth was still 1~1.5cm, and sprinkler irrigation was carried out by artificial spraying to keep the substrate moist. After 20-30 days of management, the seedlings could be formed by three leaves. At this time, the clover was transported together with the substrate to the construction site, and on the prepared turf bed, it was planted with the row spacing of 20cm × 20cm. After planting, the water and fertilizer management was strengthened, and the ground could be covered to form a lawn in about 20 days.

The grassland growing for more than 2 years has compact soil layer and poor air permeability. before turning green in spring and autumn and before regeneration after grazing and cutting, rake soil should be raked, combined with soil topdressing, and calcium superphosphate 20~25kg should be applied with 667m2 to facilitate the growth and development of new buds and roots. Clover has higher requirements for soil moisture, irrigation conditions, when the soil is dry, or combined with topdressing irrigation.

The use of clover

The planting of clover in cities and towns is mainly used for building lawns, greening and beautifying the environment, and can be mixed with red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, small bran grass, perennial ryegrass and other plants. The proportion of mixed sowing depends on the needs of color, and the proportion of general clover is mostly between 20% and 50%. For the use of soil and water conservation, fine soil preparation is also needed when sowing, sowing after rain, and the effect of mixed sowing with cattail grass, perennial ryegrass and other forages is better.

1. Improve soil and increase soil organic matter, which is beneficial to soil fertility. Clover has a large growth and high biological yield, with a general yield of about 3000 kg per mu. It naturally dies or turns into the soil after cutting in summer, which plays a significant role in improving the soil fertility of the newly built orchard and increasing the soil organic matter of the old orchard.

2. Soil mulching can reduce the soil temperature in summer. The absorption capacity of fruit tree roots decreased obviously when the ground temperature reached 35 ℃. When clover grew well, the ground temperature decreased by about 6 ℃ 8 ℃ in summer, which was beneficial to the normal growth of fruit tree roots.

3. Resist drought and preserve soil moisture and stabilize orchard air humidity. It is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees in summer, effectively promote normal fruit expansion, reduce fruit cracking and fruit drop, and achieve high quality and high yield of fruit trees.

4. Prevent washing and maintain good soil structure. Because of the good mulching effect of clover, it can effectively avoid the scouring and deposition of Rain Water on the soil, maintain the good soil structure, and is beneficial to the activity of soil microorganisms and the metabolism of fruit tree roots; it is beneficial to the decomposition of various fertilizers and the degradation of harmful substances.