Super-high-yield Scientific Cultivation Techniques of Volvariella volvacea

It is suitable from June to August in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Wuhan and Shanghai, and from late June to early July in the north of the Yangtze River, such as Shijiazhuang and Beijing. Guangdong is located in the tropical and subtropical zone. Under natural conditions, it can be planted from the beginning of spring to early summer to autumn, that is, from April to October, and the most suitable period is from April to June, during which the temperature rises slowly, fluctuates little, Rain Water is more, and the humidity is more constant. Summer is easily affected by high temperature and rainstorm, and the yield is not as good as that in spring and autumn. Special attention should be paid to ventilation, cooling and humidity control. If the material temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the fruiting body is difficult to form; excessive air humidity (often more than 90%) will affect the absorption and transport of nutrients from mushroom buds, resulting in growth inhibition; after autumn, the air temperature decreases slowly, but the autumn air is cool, the humidity is not easy to control, and the yield is not lower than that in spring.

I. tidying up the site

The site where straw mushrooms are cultivated should have soft soil, more organic matter, good drainage and convenient use of water.

Turn the soil a week before planting. After turning the soil, the soil will be exposed for 2 days. The surface of the soil will be whitened, and it will be broken and leveled to make a 1m wide bed. The surface of the border is made flat or shaped into the back of a tortoise, with a high 20--25cm in the middle, and both sides are gradually tilted to level with the ground. The border surface is patted properly to avoid sinking after watering. The distance between the beds is about 60cm for easy operation and management. Dig a small ditch between the borders and dig a deep ring drainage ditch around the site. After the site is finished, the soil is watered to keep the soil moist, and lime water or bleach is used to kill pests and bacteria in the field.

Second, deal with the culture material

The straw should be fresh, dry and mildew-free. Tie the spare straw into a straw handle, each with a dry weight of about 0.5kg, tighten it at 3 places near the top, and twist the top into a "torch" shape, then soak the straw into water for 12 hours to allow the straw to fully absorb water. And prepare 3kg rice bran or bran per 100kg straw.

3. Seeding

First sprinkle a circle of volvariella volvacea cultivation seeds around the border, wide 5cm or so, the soaked grass base outward, ears inward, one after another closely arranged on the border surface. Then sprinkle a layer of rice bran or bran evenly in proportion. After laying the first layer, indent 3--4cm inward on the grass handle, sprinkle a circle of bacteria around, the width of the strain is about 5cm, shrink the 3--4cm to discharge the second layer of grass according to the method of the first layer of grass handle, and spread the bacteria according to the method of spreading bacteria in the first layer. The method of sowing grass on the third and fourth layers is the same as that of the first and second layers, and each layer must be watered and down-to-earth, generally piling up about 4 layers. The top of the haystack should be covered with straw quilts. Generally, each pile of grass uses 100--200kg, and each 100kg uses 5 Murray 6 bottles of grass.

IV. Management

The newly built haystack is loose, which is disadvantageous to the growth and development of straw mushroom mycelium. Therefore, for 4 days after planting in the heap, trample on the haystack once every morning to make the haystack more compact, conducive to heat preservation, moisturizing and mycelium growth of straw mushroom. At the same time, attention should be paid to control the heap temperature. If the heap temperature is too high, the grass should be ventilated to dissipate heat. If the heap temperature is too low, the grass can be exposed to the sun during the day, and the grass can be thickened or covered with plastic film in the morning and evening. Generally, it is better to keep the temperature at 30 Murray and 40 ℃. In order to keep the water content of the culture material at about 65%, four days after planting in the heap, water should be sprayed in the morning, middle and evening on every sunny day. Before planting and producing mushrooms, the grass quilt should be lifted and ventilated once a day to distribute sulfur dioxide from the haystack and replenish fresh air.

V. Harvest

After planting volvariella volvacea for 10 days, a large number of fruiting bodies will occur. When the fruiting body first grows, the color is gray, such as rapeseed, and it can be as big as an egg after 4 days, and it is full and smooth. At this time, the straw mushroom fruiting body has grown and must be harvested in time, otherwise the bag will be broken and the grass umbrella will protrude, affecting the quality. The fruiting body of straw mushroom grows very fast and should be harvested once a day in the morning and evening. Volvariella volvacea can be harvested in 5 batches of 4 Murray every season. The collected mushrooms will continue to develop and should be processed immediately to avoid opening umbrellas. The method of processing: first, the impurities at the base of volvariella volvacea are removed with a knife, graded, and then processed according to the requirements.