The latest scientific planting technology of Lentinus edodes has all aspects, super-detailed and super-comprehensive.

The cultivation of Lentinus edodes must first carry on the strain preparation, after determining the cultivation season, can carry on the culture choice and the proportion treatment, after the culture material fermentation carries on the bag, then burrows the hole inoculation, then is the fungus management and the color conversion management stage, finally carries on the bud promotion operation, the mushroom emergence period should be managed scientifically, and finally the Lentinus edodes is harvested.

Lentinus edodes is one of the traditional export special products of our country, and its first-grade product is flower mushroom. The artificial cultivation of Lentinus edodes has a history of more than 800 years in China. Lentinus edodes has been cultivated by "flower-cutting method" for a long time, which is a natural inoculation method. It was not until the mid-1960s that pure bacteria were cultivated and the artificial inoculation method was used. In the mid-1970s, the substitute block cultivation method appeared, and then developed into the plastic bag cultivation method, and the yield increased significantly.

The commercial quality of mushroom cultivated with section wood is high, and the ratio of input to output is also high, which can reach 1 ∶ 7: 10, but it needs a lot of wood, so it is only suitable for development in forest area. Although substitute cultivation has a short production cycle and high biological efficiency, it can make use of all kinds of agricultural wastes and can be widely developed in urban and rural areas. However, the input amount of substitute cultivation is large, the cost is high, and the input-output ratio is only 1 ∶ 2. However, through the application of probiotics in culture, the input-output ratio can be increased to about 1:4, and there is no need for high temperature sterilization and the use of some anti-mildew drugs.

Planting process

Strain preparation → selection and proportion treatment of → culture materials for cultivation season → culture material fermentation → bagging → burrowing inoculation → germ management → color conversion management → bud → mushroom production management → harvest

Planting conditions

1. Nutrition

Lentinus edodes is a woody fungus, which uses cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and starch as carbon sources for growth and development, but it can be absorbed and utilized only after the corresponding enzymes are decomposed into monosaccharides. Lentinus edodes uses a variety of organic and inorganic nitrogen as nitrogen sources, small molecular amino acids, urea and ammonium can be absorbed directly, while macromolecular protein and peptone need to be degraded and absorbed. The mycelium growth of Lentinus edodes also needs a variety of mineral elements, among which phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are the most important. Lentinus edodes also needs auxin, including a variety of vitamins, nucleic acids and hormones, most of which are self-satisfying, only vitamin B1 needs to be supplemented.

2. Temperature

The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes was 2325 ℃, and the growth was hindered when the temperature was lower than 10 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃. The suitable temperature for fruiting body formation is 10-20 ℃, and a diurnal temperature difference of more than 10 ℃ is required. At present, the Lentinus edodes varieties used in production can be divided into three temperature types: high temperature type, medium temperature type and low temperature type. The optimum temperature of Lentinus edodes is 15: 25 ℃, 7: 20 ℃ and 5: 15 ℃.

3. Moisture

The water needed for Lentinus edodes includes two aspects, one is the water content in the culture medium, the other is the air humidity, and its suitable amount varies according to the different ways of substitute cultivation and section wood cultivation.

① substitute cultivation. The water content of the culture material in the long mycelium stage is 55% 60%, and the air relative humidity is 60% 70%. The water content of the culture material in the mushroom stage is 40% 68%, and the air relative humidity is 85% 90%.

② section wood cultivation. The water content of the culture material in the long mycelium stage is 45% 50%, and the air relative humidity is 60% 70%; the water content of the culture material in the mushroom stage is 50% 60%, and the air relative humidity is 80% 90%.

4. Air

Lentinus edodes is an aerobic fungus. In the growth environment of Lentinus edodes, due to poor ventilation, excessive carbon dioxide accumulation and lack of oxygen, mycelium growth and fruiting body development will be significantly inhibited, which accelerates the aging of mycelium, and the fruiting body is easy to produce deformities, which is also conducive to the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. Fresh air is a necessary condition to ensure the normal growth and development of Lentinus edodes.

5. Lighting

The growth of Lentinus edodes mycelium does not need light, the mycelium grows well in complete darkness, and strong light can inhibit the growth of mycelium. The fruit body should scatter light in the growth stage, the light is too weak, the mushroom is few, the flower is small, the stalk is slender, and the quality is secondary, but the direct light is harmful to the fruit body of Lentinus edodes.

6. acidity and alkalinity

The growth and development of Lentinus edodes mycelium requires a slightly acidic environment, the pH value of the culture material can grow at 3-7, and 5 is the most suitable, and the growth is very slow or stops growing. The optimum pH value for the occurrence and development of fruiting body is 3.5-4.5. In the production, the pH value of the cultivation material is often adjusted to about 6.5. The pH value of heap fermentation decreased by about 0.5, and the organic acids produced in mycelium growth also decreased the acidity and alkalinity of cultivation materials.

Sowing time and strain selection

At present, Lentinus edodes production in northern China mainly uses greenhouse as the place to produce mushrooms, which is greatly affected by climatic conditions and highly seasonal. The sowing date of Lentinus edodes should be determined according to the local climatic conditions.

Lentinus edodes production in Beijing is mostly sown in summer and produced in autumn, winter and spring. Since the beginning of autumn mushroom production is in the middle of September, the specific sowing time should be in early July and early June. Medium temperature type or medium temperature type cryogenic strain should be selected. However, due to the summer sowing Lentinus edodes in the season of high temperature and humidity, miscellaneous bacteria pollution is difficult to control, so winter sowing Lentinus edodes has been developed in recent years.

Generally, the seeds are produced at the end of November and early December, sown at the end of December and early January, and go into the shed to produce mushrooms in the middle of March. The strains of medium temperature type or medium temperature high temperature type were mostly used.

Culture material treatment

1. Preparation of cultivation materials

Cultivation materials are the substrate for the growth and development of Lentinus edodes and the material basis of life, so the quality of cultivation materials directly affects the success or failure of Lentinus edodes production as well as the yield and quality. Due to the different organic material resources in different places, the cultivation materials used in Lentinus edodes production are also different.

(1) the ingredient of several kinds of cultivation materials is 100 kg, which increases or decreases according to the production scale.

① sawdust 78%, wheat bran (fine rice bran) 20%, gypsum 1%, urea 0.3%, MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP partner 1%. The water content of the material is 55% and 60%.

② sawdust 78%, wheat bran 16%, corn flour 2%, sugar 1.2%, gypsum 2% ~ 2.5%, urea 0.3%, calcium superphosphate 0.5% dint MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP companion 1.2%. The water content of the material is 55% and 60%.

③ sawdust 78%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 2%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, urea 0.3%, MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP partner 1%. The water content of the material is 55% and 60%.

The preparation of the above three kinds of cultivation materials: first mix gypsum and dried wheat bran, then mix evenly with sawdust dry, dissolve MP compound probiotics, MP chaperone and urea in water, sprinkle evenly on the material, spill with shovel, and sweep the material surface repeatedly with bamboo broom.

④ cottonseed husk 50%, sawdust 32%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, urea 0.5%, MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP partner 1%. The water content of the material is about 60%.

⑤ soybean straw 46%, sawdust 32%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP partner 1%. Water content of the material is 60%.

⑥ sawdust 36%, cottonseed husk 26%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, urea 0.5%, MP compound probiotics 0.1%, MP partner 1%. Water content of the material is 60%.

The preparation of the above three kinds of cultivation materials: weigh various ingredients according to quantity, first add water and mix well the cottonseed husk, soybean stalk, corncob and other materials with a material-water ratio of 1 ∶ 1.4 to 1.5, so that the material can be thoroughly watered; dry mix gypsum and calcium superphosphate with wheat bran and sawdust, and then mix evenly with cottonseed husk, soybean stalk or corncob which has been mixed with water. Dissolve the MP compound probiotics, MP chaperone and urea into the material, adjust the moisture of the material at the same time, and mix the material evenly with a shovel and a bamboo broom. There can be no dry granules.

2. Several problems that should be paid attention to in batching.

Sawdust refers to the sawdust of broad-leaved trees, that is, hardwood chips. Old sawdust is better than fresh sawdust. Before batching, the sawdust should be screened to remove the coarse sawdust to prevent breaking the plastic bag, the thickness should be moderate, and the over-fine sawdust will affect the ventilation in the bag. In sawdust cultivation, 10% and 30% cottonseed husk should be added to increase production.

However, the proportion of cottonseed husk and corncob in the cultivation material is too large, and it is easy to break the bacterial column when taking off the bag and producing mushroom. The wheat bran and urea in the cultivation material should not be added too much, otherwise it is easy to cause the mycelium to grow too long and it is difficult to change color to produce mushrooms. Wheat bran and rice bran should be fresh, not caked or moldy. The bean stalk should be powdered into a coarse bran, and the corncob powder into a particle the size of a bean grain.

The water content of Lentinus edodes cultivation materials should be slightly lower than that of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation materials, and the production should be generally controlled at 55% and 60%. Slightly lower water content is conducive to the control of miscellaneous bacteria pollution, but after the first tide of mushrooms, it is necessary to replenish 0.1%MP probiotic solution to the bacteria column in time, otherwise it will affect the mushroom production. Due to the different degree of dryness and wetness of raw materials and the difference of soft and hard thickness, the ratio of material to water is also different. The general ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 0.9 ~ 1.3, which varies greatly.

Therefore, when each batch of material is used for batching for the first time in production, the water content should be determined after mixing, and an appropriate ratio of material to water should be determined.

① manual test. Will mix the cultivation material, grasp a firm grip, finger seams see the water can not drop.

② drying method. Accurately weigh 500g of the mixed material, spread it thinly on an enamel plate, dry it at a temperature of 105℃, bake until the weight of the dry material is no longer reduced, and weigh the dry material. Material water content (%) = wet material weight-dry material weight × 100 proportioning.

3. Fermentation of culture materials: the above materials should be proportionally matched to control humidity to build pile fermentation. The pile is generally built into a long pile with a width of 1.2-1.5 meters, a height of 0.8-1.2 meters, and an unlimited length. The capacity of each pile is not less than 250 kilograms of dry material, preferably about 500 kilograms or more. When building the pile, the material should be gently pat around the pile, and the edge of the pile should be wall-like vertical, or slightly inclined, and the top of the pile should be arched in the shape of tortoise back. After the material pile is built, use a wooden rod with a diameter of 5 cm to hit 1 Mel 2 rows of air holes vertically down at the top of the pile, and then make a row of horizontal oblique holes in the middle and lower parts of both sides of the pile, with a spacing of about 30 cm, the depth of the channels should reach the bottom of the pile and the center of the pile respectively, then insert a long handle thermometer in the pile, and then use straw curtains; hemp bags, snake belts and other breathable covers will cover the pile well.

After the stack is covered, according to the air temperature, about 2-3 days, in the depth of the surface 25cm, when the material temperature rises to 60 Murray 65 ℃, the timing starts, and after 12 hours, the pile is turned over for the first time. The key to turn the pile is to exchange the position of the culture material of the outer layer (dry cooling layer) with the culture material of the inner layer (aerobic fermentation layer) and the bottom layer (anaerobic fermentation layer). After turning the pile, re-build the stack, inflate the air hole and cover the requirements. Basically the same as when the reactor was first built, when the temperature of the reactor rose to 60 ℃ again, it remained for 8-12 hours, then the reactor was turned over for the second time and the reactor was rebuilt.

Generally, the heap needs to be turned 3 times, and the heap period is about 5-7 days according to the different temperature. When the color of the culture material turns deep evenly, the texture becomes soft, there are more white actinomycetes in the material, and there is no ammonia, odor or sour smell, the stack can be removed to stop fermentation. After dismantling the pile, when the material temperature drops to about 30 ℃, it can be bagged and sown.

4. Matters needing attention in fermentation process:

The main results are as follows: (1) the temperature has a great influence on the fermentation process, and it is most beneficial to fermentation when the temperature is above 20 ℃. If the temperature is low, the fermentation time should be prolonged, and special attention should be paid to heat preservation.

(2) the water content of the culture material has a great influence on the fermentation process and quality. When the moisture content is more than 70%, the culture material will stink or spoil and turn sour, and the material temperature will rise slowly; when the moisture content is less than 50%, there will be a "smoking phenomenon" of burning pile. When the above situation occurs, you should immediately separate the pile and adjust the moisture before re-building the pile.

(3) do not let the sun shine and rain during the fermentation of the culture material.

(4) the shape and size of the pile also affects the fermentation process, generally stacking fermentation can not be less than 250 kg of culture materials. The shape of the heap should be trapezoidal and long. Increase the length of the reactor when the material is large, so that the difference between inside and outside the reactor can be kept small and the fermentation can be more uniform.

Bagging

1. Bag specification: fold diameter 15-18cm × 45-55cm × 0.05mm low-pressure polyethylene barrel bag Henan: bagging: inner bag 15cm (0.05mm thick), outer bag 17cm (0.01mm)

2. Loading: dry material 0.9-1.0kg, wet material 2.1-2.3kg

3, the tightness should be suitable: test method: five fingers hold the material bag a little harder before the concave fingers hold the middle of the material bag, and the two ends do not bend downward.

4. Handle and handle gently

Acupoint vaccination

1. Inoculation time: the principle of low temperature, cooling less than 30 ℃ out of the pot

2 、. The inoculation environment was purified by spraying 1:10 MP compound probiotics.

3. The operation method of burrowing on the side of the long bag:

The first person quickly scrubbed the surface of the bag with gauze dipped in a little MP compound probiotics solution, and then punched three inoculation holes at an equal distance on the bag with a tapered wooden stick or a hollow punch, with a diameter of 1.5cm and a depth of 2cm, then turned over the other side, staggered the opposite hole position and punched two more inoculation holes.

The second person clamped out the seed block with aseptic inoculation tweezers and quickly put it into the inoculation hole.

The third person sealed the inoculation hole with 3.25-3.6cm × 3.5-4.0cm film.

The fourth person moved the inoculated bag away.

While drilling holes, while inoculating, while sealing, the faster the better, such as bagging, then take off the outer bag during vaccination, do not seal after drilling inoculation, and tie the bag well.

Germ management

1. Well-zigzag stacking, 4 bags per layer, 4 Murray 10 layers.

two。 The inoculation time was about 60 days, and the pile was turned over for 4 times for 5 times. Turn it for the first time after 7 days of inoculation, and every 10 days after that, pay attention to the up and down, left and right, inside and outside evenly.

3. The temperature in the early stage is controlled at 22 ℃ 25 ℃, not more than 28 ℃.

4.15 days later, the film was torn diagonally into a corner or punctured at the inner 1cm to breathe. After another week, if the growth slows down obviously, the second hole will be pierced at the place where the colonies meet. When it is almost full, use a sweater needle to pierce the deep hole around the 2cm.

Color conversion period management

1. The standard of taking off the bag: when the bacterial age reaches more than 60 days, the bacteria bag is full of thick white hyphae, irregular vesicles bulge around the inoculation hole, reddish-brown spots appear on the inoculation hole and the bag wall, and the bag is full of elasticity by hand. it shows that the mycelium has matured physiologically. The best bag removal rate is 16 ℃ and 23 min.

2. Off-shelf row barrel

Make a bed in the mushroom house. There is a creel on the border surface, the length and width of the shelf is the same as the size of the border surface, the distance between the crossbars is 20cm, 25cm from the ground. Every 1.5m or so, bamboo slices with a length of 2.5m were bent into an arch and fixed on the fungus tube rack. The fungus tube and the border surface are disposed on the crossbar at a rate of 60ml / 70 °, the vertical tube is leaning, and the distance between the tube and the tube is 4-7cm. Cover it with plastic film immediately after the barrel is arranged.

3. Take off the bag and change color (very critical)

After removing the bag for 5 days, try not to lift the plastic film 5 for 6 days, the short villous hyphae will appear on the surface of the mycelium. When the length of the villous mycelia approaches 2mm, the film will be ventilated twice a day, each time 20min, which promotes the villi hyphae to lodge to form a thin bacterial membrane, begin to secrete pigment and spit out yellow water. At this time, the film should be lifted to spray water on the bacterial tube, 1 Mel twice a day for 2 consecutive days. Generally change color for a continuous week, first from white to pink, and then to reddish brown (glossy bacterial membrane, the formation of artificial bark), that is, to complete the color conversion.

Common abnormal phenomena and treatment methods in the process of color conversion:

1. The color change is too light or does not change color all the time: if the bacterial column is exposed to sunlight or dry wind when taking off the bag, causing the surface of the bacterial column to be dry, 0.1% MP probiotic diluent can be sprayed to the bacterial column, restore the moisture on the surface of the bacterial column, cover the film, reduce the times of ventilation and shorten the ventilation time, and can be ventilated once or twice a day for 10 minutes each time. If the relative humidity of the space air is too low or the temperature is lower than 12 ℃ or higher than 28 ℃, timely humidification and temperature control measures should be taken to keep the humidity in the border at 85%-90% and the temperature at 15-25 ℃ as far as possible.

2. The mycelium on the surface of the bacteria column has been growing vigorously, and it does not lodge or change color when it is up to 2 mm: the reason for this phenomenon is hypoxia, although the temperature is suitable, but the humidity is too high, or the nitrogen content of the culture material is too high. This needs to extend the ventilation time and let the light shine on the bacterial column, increasing the difference between dry and wet on the surface of the bacterial column, forcing the hyphae to lodge. If it still has no effect, the bacterial column can be sprayed with 3% lime water and dried until the surface of the bacterial column is not sticky and slippery, and then cover the film to restore normal management.

3. The mycelium is dehydrated, and there is a sting on the surface of the bacterial column by hand: the relative humidity of the air and the humidity of the surface of the bacterial column can be increased by spraying water, so that the relative humidity of the air in the film can be kept at 85%-90%.

4. About two days after taking off the bag, the tumorous mycelium on the surface of the bacterial column produced bubble expansion, local flaky shedding, or partially detached from the bacterial column to form a hanging shape. the main reason for this phenomenon is due to external force damage or high temperature (28 ℃), or it may also be due to the early removal of bags, insufficient bacterial age and immature hyphae, which can not adapt to the changing environment. The solution is to strictly control the temperature at 15: 25 ℃, the air relative humidity 85% to 90%, to promote the growth of new hyphae on the surface of the bacteria column, and then to promote its color change.

5. When it is found that the bacterial column is contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, the bacterial column can be sprayed with 1 ∶ 10-fold solution of MP probiotics once a day for 3 days. After each spray, dry a little and then cover the film. If the amount of pollution is not large, MP probiotic solution can be used to spray the infected site, in addition to removing the bag and changing color, some of the production uses the method of acupuncture micro-hole ventilation to change color, and then take off the bag to produce mushroom. Some do not take off the bag, when the Lentinus edodes fruiting body primordium appears around the inoculation hole of the bacterial bag, cut the plastic bag around the primordium with a knife to expose the primordium, and carry on the mushroom production management. After the first tide of mushrooms, the whole bag changed color, and then took off the bag to soak in the water to produce the second tide of mushrooms. These color conversion methods are simple and moisturizing, and can reduce the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria in the high temperature season.

Mushroom production management

After the Lentinus edodes column changed color, the mycelium matured completely and accumulated rich nutrients. Under the stimulation of certain conditions, it quickly changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, resulting in fruiting body primordium differentiation and growth and development, that is, entering the fruiting stage.

1. Budding: Lentinus edodes belongs to variable temperature fruiting fungi. A certain temperature difference, scattered light and fresh air are beneficial to the differentiation of fruiting body primordia. During this period, the mulch on the bed is generally removed, and the temperature of the mushroom greenhouse should be controlled at 10-22 ℃, with a temperature difference of 5-10 ℃ between day and night. If the natural temperature difference is small, the temperature difference can be artificially enlarged by means of daytime and night ventilation. The air relative humidity is maintained at about 90%. When the conditions are suitable, the brown bacterial membrane on the surface of the bacterial column will appear white cracks, and the mushroom buds will grow soon. During this period, it is necessary to prevent too low space humidity or lack of water in the bacteria column, so as not to affect the formation of fruiting body primordia. When this happens, it is necessary to increase water spraying, each time after spraying water to dry until the surface of the bacteria column is not sticky and slippery, but only damp, covered with plastic film to moisturize. Should also prevent high temperature, high humidity, in order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution, rotten bacteria column. Once there is high temperature and high humidity, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and reduce temperature and humidity.

2. Management of fruiting body growth and development period: after mushroom bud differentiation, it enters the growth and development stage. The temperature of fruiting body growth and development of Lentinus edodes strains with different temperature types is different. Most strains can grow and develop fruiting body in the temperature range of 8-25 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 15-20 ℃. The fruiting body grows well under constant temperature. The relative humidity of the air is 85% and 90%. As the fruiting body grows up, the respiration is strengthened, and the accumulation of carbon dioxide is accelerated. It is necessary to strengthen ventilation, keep the air fresh, and have a certain amount of scattered light.

The beginning of Lentinus edodes sowing in summer is in autumn. The northern autumn is crisp in autumn, the climate is dry, the temperature changes greatly, the bacteria column just begins to produce mushrooms, the water is sufficient, the nutrition is rich, the mycelium is strong, and the focus of management is to control temperature and maintain humidity. If the temperature is high in early autumn, the greenhouse should be covered with sunshade, ventilated and sprayed to cool down; when the temperature is low in late autumn, the temperature should be increased during the day. If the strong light affects mushroom production, you can hang a sunshade net in the greenhouse in mid-air and add a heat preservation curtain at night. When the space relative humidity is low, 0.1% MP probiotic spray is mainly sprayed on the wall and space to increase the air relative humidity. When the fruiting body grows until the bacterial membrane has been broken, the cap has not been fully extended, the edge is rolled, the bacterial fold is all elongated, and changes from white to brown, the fruiting body has medium well, it can be harvested. When harvesting, one hand should hold the bacterial column and the other should hold the base of the fungal stalk and rotate and pull it out. After the whole mushroom is harvested, it should be ventilated once, when the weather is dry, it can be ventilated for 2 hours; on cloudy days or when the humidity is high, it can be ventilated for 4 hours to dry the surface of the fungus column, and then stop spraying water for 5-7 days.

Let the hyphae fully rejuvenate and grow, and the concave hyphae left by picking mushrooms turn white, and then replenish the bacteria column. The method of replenishing water is to first use No. 10 iron wire to pierce a hole in the center of each end of the bacterial column, up to 1 inch 2 of the length of the bacterial column, and then pierce 3 holes equidistant from the side of the bacterial column, then discharge the bacterial column in an immersion pool, put a plank on the bacterial column, press the plank with a stone block, and soak it in clean water for about 2 hours, and it is appropriate to soak the bacterial column in water (the weight of the bacterial column is slightly lower than that before mushroom production). Impermeable bacteria column insufficient moisture, excessive water immersion is easy to cause bacteria column rot, will affect the emergence of mushrooms. After rehydration, the bacteria column will be re-discharged in the border, repeat the previous management method of budding and mushroom production, and prepare the second tide of mushrooms. After the second tide mushroom harvest, or stop water, replenish water, repeat the previous management, generally produce 4 tide mushrooms. Sometimes the water content of the mixture is too large, and the temperature and humidity are suitable when the mushroom is produced. When the mushroom column comes out of the first tide, the water loss is small, and the water can be replenished without immersion, but after the first tide mushroom is harvested, the water is stopped for 5 or 7 days, and after the mycelium is restored, spray a large amount of water directly into the bacterial column, let the bacterial column absorb naturally, increase the water content, and then repeat the previous management of budding mushroom, when the second tide mushroom is harvested. Then soak the bacteria column to replenish water. The immersion time can be longer. In the future, every time a tide of mushrooms is harvested, it will be replenished with water.

In the north, the winter temperature is low, the fruiting body grows slowly, and the yield is low, but the mushroom meat is thick and the quality is good. The focus of this season management is to keep warm and increase temperature, increase light during the day, cover grass curtain at night, light a fire if possible, ventilate at noon, and keep the temperature in the greenhouse above 7 ℃ as far as possible. Can spray water to the space, the wall to adjust humidity, less directly spray water on the bacteria column. If the temperature is low and can not produce mushrooms, the relative humidity of the greenhouse should be controlled at 70%-75%, and the bacteria can survive the winter.

The climate in spring is dry and windy. At this time, the bacteria column after the emergence of mushrooms in autumn and winter, due to the loss of water, lack of water, mycelium growth is not as exuberant in autumn, the focus of management is to replenish water to the bacteria column, soaking time 2-4 hours, often spraying water to the wall and space, the air relative humidity is maintained at 85%-90%. Early spring should pay attention to heat preservation and temperature increase, ventilation should be appropriate, ventilation can be carried out after spraying water, ventilation time should be controlled, and temperature and humidity should not be reduced.

Note: hydration nutrient solution: MP compound probiotics 0.1%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1%, gene active peptide 0.1%

Bag planting method of Lentinus edodes sowed in Winter

Lentinus edodes is sown in summer, which is in the season of high temperature and humidity, so it is difficult to inoculate and cultivate bacteria, and it is easy to be contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria or burn bacteria at high temperature. For Lentinus edodes sowing in winter, medium-temperature and medium-high temperature Lentinus edodes strains should be used as mother seed in late October, original seed in early November, cultivated seeds at the end of November and early December, and sowing in January. The plastic tube of 17cm × 35cm is used as the cultivation bag, and the operation methods of mixing, bagging, sterilization and inoculation are basically the same as in summer. The room or greenhouse which is convenient for heating and heat preservation is selected as the bacterial bag culture place. The bacterial bag must be disinfected in space before entering the bacterial bag. The bacterial bag "#" line is inoculated and the hole is lined up laterally. Each line can be 6-7 layers, 4 behavior is one side, and the length is not limited. There is a walkway between the square and the square. At the beginning, the room temperature should be controlled at about 2526 ℃, and the wind should be ventilated every three days when the temperature is high at noon. When the mycelium of the inoculation hole was more than 8 cm in diameter, the bag was turned and micropores were pierced for the first time when the mycelium was cultured in the bag for 13-15 days.

Before turning the bag, spray 2% Lysu water or disinfect the space with an oxygen atom disinfector, replace the two rows of high-temperature bacterial bags in the middle of each side, and the bacterial bags on both sides to the middle, so that there is little difference in the temperature of each bag and the mycelium grows neatly. When turning the bag, remove the bags contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, and at the same time, for the bags without contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, place micropores 2 cm away from the front of mycelium growth, and the micropores are 1 cm deep, and there are 3 holes in the mycelium of each inoculation hole.

After turning the bag and piercing the hole for the first time, the mycelium growth increased, so the room temperature should be controlled at about 24 ℃. At this time, there is a wind at noon every 2 days. After 12-13 days, the bag was turned for the second time, and a circle of micropores were inserted on each mycelium 2 cm away from the mycelium growth front, about 5-6 holes with a depth of about 2 cm. At this time, the room temperature should be controlled at about 23 ℃. Attention should be paid to shading during the whole training process.

If the bacterial bag with a specification of 17cm × 35cm is inoculated at 4 o'clock, the bag will be full in about 45 days, and then continue culturing. When the surface of the bacterial column in the bag expands, when the tumor appears on the area of 2pm 3, it can go in and out of the mushroom shed, take off the bag and change color to produce mushroom. Generally speaking, the bacterial bag can go into the greenhouse to produce mushrooms in the middle and late March. The bed should first be made in the greenhouse, with a width of 1 to 1.2 meters and a depth of 15 to 20 centimeters. The greenhouse should disinfect the space with sulfur or formaldehyde, sprinkle lime powder on the ground, cover the border with a layer of furnace ash or sand, remove the plastic bags from the long bacteria bags in the greenhouse, row the bacteria columns 2 cm apart in the border, fill the gap between the bacteria columns (60% garden soil + 40% furnace ash, dry), then adjust 5% formaldehyde water to hand to form a ball. Fall to the ground is scattered, pile up to cover the film for 2 days of reuse, you can also use 10 cm below the surface of the fertile loam).

At the top of each column, the soil layer is exposed by 2 cm, and the soil is brushed off with a soft long-haired brush. The border is arched with bamboo, covered with plastic film, insulated and moisturized, and changed color. The color change of Lentinus edodes sowed in winter is in late March, the temperature is low, the air relative humidity is small, windy, the focus of management is heat preservation, moisturizing, light ventilation. Mushroom management is the same as before. After the first tide mushroom was harvested, the greenhouse was ventilated for 1 hour, and after stopping spraying water for 4-5 days, the border was sprayed with heavy water again to supplement the water content of the bacterial column. The management after April should pay attention to shading, cooling and insect control. The advantage of this cultivation method is that the bacteria column can replenish water and part of nutrients at any time in the soil, eliminating the process of soaking bags to replenish water. At the same time, it should also be noted that because the mushroom column is only the top of the mushroom, so the mushroom area is relatively small, if the mushroom density is high, the mushroom body is often crowded and deformed, resulting in a decline in quality, so the buds should be thinned in time when the mushroom buds are too dense to ensure the quality of mushrooms. In addition, the mushroom body is very close to the ground, and it is easy to touch the sand, which will also affect the commercial quality of mushrooms. When spraying water, you should spray gently and carefully, so as not to splash the bacteria on the soil.

Harvest

1. Generally, when the mushroom cover is unfolded for six or seven minutes, the edge of the mushroom cover is still rolled in, and the inner fungus curtain needs to be harvested soon after it has broken.

2. First ripe, first picked, then ripe and then picked.

3. Harvest method: hold down the bacterial bag with one hand, pinch the base of the mushroom handle with the other, rotate gently and then pull it up with the handle.

4. Don't pack it in big baskets or gunny bags after harvest.