Analysis and treatment of common problems in the planting process of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula is very familiar to everyone. Auricularia auricula is a common dish in life. In Xiaobian's home, Auricularia auricula is basically eaten once a week, and the whole family loves to eat it. Don't underestimate this black fungus. Eating black fungus often has a very good preventive effect on many diseases of the human body.

What are the development prospects of Auricularia auricula

China is the main country of production and consumption of Auricularia auricula. Among the total output of Auricularia auricula, the annual output of mainland China is about 21000 tons, and that of Taiwan Province, Thailand and the Philippines is about 1000 tons. At present, the global annual consumption of Auricularia auricula is about 4.2t, of which mainland China is about 34600 tons, Taiwan Province of China is about 8.5 million tons, Hong Kong of China is about 600tons, some of which are re-sold abroad, Japan is 2400 tons, Southeast Asia is about 2000 tons, and other countries are 800tons. Mainly in Europe, Australia and New Zealand account for a small part. In recent years, the sales volume of Auricularia auricula has increased greatly. According to statistics, the sales volume of Auricularia auricula in 2003 has increased by 1 / 3 compared with that in 2002. However, the per capita consumption of Auricularia auricula in China is only about 10 grams. If the consumption is at the Japanese level, the annual consumption will increase to more than 30,000 tons. The increase in domestic consumption provides a strong market guarantee for the increase in production.

Auricularia auricula is a medium-temperature fungus. According to the cultivation experience, two batches of fungus can be produced in one year in North China. The first batch of cultivation bags were produced in mid-February, which could be used to stimulate the ear in the middle and last ten days of April, and ended in the first and middle ten days of July. The second batch of bacterial bags produced in the middle and late May can be used to stimulate the ear in the early and middle of August, and end in the first ten days of November. the normal fermentation period is 45-50 days, the culture period is 10-15 days, the sprouting period is 7-10 days, and the ear-picking period is 45-60 days.

The following key points should be paid attention to when developing bacteria.

1. The culture room must be hygienic and dry, and the air humidity must not be more than 70%.

2. The culture room should be protected from light.

3. The incubator should be fumigated with formaldehyde and potassium permanganate for 24 hours before entering the bag. Each cubic meter of space with 10 ml of formaldehyde, 5 grams of potassium permanganate or fumigated with disinfectant.

4. the infected miscellaneous bacteria bags should be removed at any time to prevent the spread of miscellaneous bacteria.

Improper selection of varieties, degradation of bacteria; poor environmental hygiene, insufficient disinfection time during inoculation or low temperature at the initial stage of inoculation; excessive humidity in the culture room and high culture temperature led to burning bacteria; water into the bag during ear watering in the high temperature period; poor disinfection of the cultivation site, improper removal of miscellaneous bacteria bags, high water content of bag materials, improper adjustment of pH. Improper selection of varieties, degradation of bacteria, excessive loading, poor air permeability, poor ventilation and low temperature. The culture temperature is too high, the number of layers is too much, the budding density is too high and the ventilation is poor.

What should be paid attention to in accelerating budding?

1. Pay attention to ventilation, the ventilation of the ear base is not good, when the humidity is too high, the hyphae can grow again on the small ear piece, which affects the growth, and the ear piece degenerates seriously.

2. The earpiece should not be cultivated too large. When the earpiece is too large, it is easy to adhere to each other and cause sprouting in separate beds.

3. To ensure the quality of black fungus and prevent soil from splashing on the ear piece, the method of covering plastic film can be used to solve the problem.

Prevention and control of common diseases and insect pests of Auricularia auricula

1. Green mold of Auricularia auricula

Symptoms: after the bacteria bag, strain bottle, surrounding and fruiting body are infected by green mold, the white and slender hyphae grow on the culture material or fruiting body at the initial stage, and after a few days, conidia can be formed. Once a large number of conidia are formed or mature, the colony becomes green and powdery.

Prevention and treatment: keep the surrounding environment of the ear field clean and hygienic; the ear field must be well ventilated and easily drained; spraying 1% lime water every three days after the ear has a good anti-mildew effect; if the green mold occurs on the surface of the culture material and has not yet gone deep into the material, the growth of the green mold can be controlled by scrubbing the affected area with pH10 lime water.

2. Rotten ears (also known as flowing ears)

Symptoms: after the ear piece matures, the ear piece becomes soft, and the ear piece and even the ear root dissolve and rot.

Prevention and treatment: in view of the causes of rotten ears, strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to ventilation, lighting, etc.; timely harvest, ear slices are close to maturity or have matured immediately.

3. Ear fungus block anti-mildew

Causes: fungus block anti-mildew pollution is an important reason leading to the reduction of fungus production and affecting product quality; improper cultivation and management measures; incomplete culture medium sterilization; impure strain quality, or sawdust bacteria are passed on many times, reduce the viability of bacteria; poor toughness of plastic bags, punctured in operation and management; poor environmental conditions, can lead to mold. Penicillium and Trichoderma are the most common miscellaneous bacteria on fungus.

Prevention and control measures: select strains with strong anti-mildew ability; select fresh raw materials for summer; protect the environment and spray 1% lime water, or 1% 2% coal soap solution, or 0.1% carbendazim, every 3 to 5 days after the first batch of ears are harvested, or cross-use to control the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. To strengthen water management, it is necessary to spray water according to the water loss of bacteria and air flow.

4. Thrips

Harmful symptoms: from the larvae began to harm Auricularia auricula, invading the ear piece after sucking juice, so that the ear piece atrophy, serious cause ear flow.

Prevention and treatment: use 500 to 1000 times dimethoate emulsion, 1000 to 1500 times 50% wettable trichlorfon, etc., and try to choose non-residual biological pesticide preparations.

5. Pseudo-walker

Harmful symptoms: adults eat the outer layer of ear slices, larvae harm the ear roots of ear slices, or drill into the inoculation hole to eat ear buds, and the injured ear roots no longer form ears. Dry ears stored in the reservoir can still be harmed after regaining moisture. The larvae excrete a large amount of feces, showing dark brown lines. The adult has a long life span, hides in the dead branches and leaves in the cultivation site during the day, and comes out at night.

Control measures: remove the dead branches and leaves from the cultivation site and spray 200 times of dichlorvos solution to kill latent pests. When a large number occurs, the ear slices are removed first, and then sprayed with 1000 to 1500 times dichlorvos; it can also be prevented with 500 to 800 times rotenin and 800 times pyrethrum emulsion, and 50% wettable trichlorfon solution of 1000 to 2000 times can be used to soak the wood. During the period of Grain in Beard and the End of Heat, the above drugs can be sprayed once after each ear pick.

How to grade black fungus

Black fungus is divided into three levels.

The first-class ear has dark brown face, bright feeling, gray back, no fist ear, flowing ear, lost ear, moth-eaten ear, mildew ear, intact and can not pass through the sieve eye of 2cm, the thickness of ear piece is more than 1 mm, and the water content is not more than 14%.

The secondary ear has dark brown face, dark gray back, no fist ear, flowing ear, lost ear, moth-eaten ear, moldy ear, the piece is basically complete, can not pass through the sieve eye of diameter 1cm, the thickness is 0.7mm, and the water content is not more than 14%.

The third-grade ears are mostly dark brown to light brown, fist ears not more than 1%, flowing ears not more than 0.5%, no lost ears, moth-eaten ears, moldy ears, small or fragmented flowers, can not pass through the sieve eyes with a diameter of 0.4cm, and the water content does not exceed 14%.

Although we often eat Auricularia auricula, many people may not know about its cultivation. Through the introduction of the above editor, I hope it can help friends who plant Auricularia auricula. In fact, no matter what is planted for disease prevention is very important, Auricularia auricula is no exception.