Design of Mushroom House and Mushroom Bed

1. Mushrooms can be cultivated by using old houses, basements, air-raid shelters and dry base cultivation rooms, plastic film houses and sugarcane fields and mushroom sheds. However, the cultivated mushroom house should meet the following requirements:

The main results are as follows: (1) the mushroom house should sit in the direction of north and south, which is beneficial to ventilation and indoor heat preservation in winter.

(2) the mushroom house should have a solid structure, no air leakage on the four walls of the roof, good heat preservation and moisturizing performance, and lime water can be painted on the surrounding walls and tops to eliminate pests and control miscellaneous bacteria.

(3) the mushroom room should be tightly closed; after the doors and windows are closed, it becomes a dark room, and there are no rat holes, so it is not easy for pests to enter.

(4) Air circulation, when opening doors and windows for ventilation, fresh air can be exchanged in a short time, harmful gases can be discharged, and the indoor temperature will not change sharply. It is best to set up fixed ventilation windows; windows are set on the wall and floor windows are set at the foot of the wall. the lower the floor window is, the better the ventilation is. Because carbon dioxide is heavier than air, it is often deposited in the lower layer, and it is not easy to discharge when the ground window is high. It is required that the concentration of carbon dioxide accumulation in the mushroom room should not exceed 0.5%.

(5) close to the clean water source, the surrounding area is open, there are sufficient places for stacking culture materials, the terrain is high, it is conducive to drainage, and requires that there are no factories that produce toxic gas around.

The structure of mushroom houses can be divided into three types:

① aboveground mushroom house is currently the largest form of mushroom cultivation, most of which are rebuilt from old houses. It has the advantages of good ventilation, convenient operation and reducing production cost, but when there is no heating and cooling equipment, mushrooms can only be cultivated in spring and autumn. The above-ground mushroom houses commonly used in the suburbs of Shanghai are equipped with a row of drafts on the roof, located at the top of the aisle. The upper window is slightly lower than the eaves, the floor window is 8cm above the ground, the window is 40 cm wide and 46 cm high, the door is the same width as the walkway, the height is accessible to people, and there should be small windows on the door. Generally, mushroom rooms with four-row bed frames should open two doors.

The mushroom room in the semi-basement of ② is half exposed to the ground and half buried underground. During construction, a random pit was dug 22 meters deep and 27 meters wide. Brick or cement on the four walls, earthen wall or brick on the ground, 1.5 meters high. The angle between the roof and the ground should be 30 ℃. At the ridge of the roof, a blower is set up every 4 to 5 meters. The mushroom bed is arranged in two rows in the mushroom room, which is divided into six layers, four meters wide, 18 centimeters deep and 45 centimeters apart. The aisle between mushroom beds is 70 cm wide.

③ underground mushroom house can be used to grow mushrooms in the basement in the cold northern region. This kind of mushroom house is usually buried 1.65 meters below the ground. Many areas often use air-raid shelters, basements, cave tunnels and so on as underground mushroom houses. Its advantages are large air relative humidity, small temperature change, warm in winter and cool in summer, and long cultivation time. The disadvantages are inconvenient management and poor ventilation.

2. Mushroom bed is the bed for cultivating mushroom, and its main forms are rack mushroom bed, border mushroom bed and box mushroom bed.

(1) the setting of framed mushroom beds in the cultivation room should be determined according to the size and structure of the mushroom room. The arrangement should be perpendicular to the orientation of the mushroom house, such as the mushroom room in the east-west direction, the mushroom bed in the north-south direction, the mushroom bed in the north-south direction, and the mushroom bed in the east-west direction. The mushroom bed can be arranged in two rows, three rows or more. The width of each mushroom bed should be limited to the mushrooms that can be picked on both sides, generally about 1.5 meters. If the mushrooms are picked only on one side, the width should not exceed 1 meter. The distance of each layer of the mushroom bed is 60cm to 70cm, and the lowest layer is more than 20cm from the ground. The uppermost layer is 1.3 to 1.6 meters from the roof. The distance between the mushroom beds should be 60-70 cm, so that a person can move and operate.

The setting of the mushroom bed should not only make full use of the area, but also ensure that the ventilation is good and easy to operate, and at the same time, it should be solid and firm, able to bear the full weight of the culture material and soil cover, and generally bear the pressure of 90 kilograms per square meter. otherwise, safety in production cannot be guaranteed. The materials for making mushroom beds can be made locally, generally made of bamboo, wood, steel and cement. The bottom auxiliary materials are mostly bamboo poles, branches, hemp stalks, etc., which not only save materials, but also help to breathable, so that the hyphae can develop well.

(2) the mushroom bed is cultivated in air-raid shelters and caves, and the culture material is often laid in the shape of a border, and the width of the border is determined according to the size of the cave, generally no more than one meter in one side and 2 meters in width on two sides. The border is surrounded by bricks or woods. in order to increase the mushroom surface, the border surface can be curved or wavy.

(3) the box mushroom bed is suitable for mechanization and factory production of mushrooms, but the cost is high and the technical level is also high. The cultivation box is made of wood, and the length, width and height of the box is 1 × 0.6 × 0.2 meters or 2 × 1.2 × 0.2 meters. In the mushroom house, the wooden boxes are arranged on a special wooden frame, overlapping or character-shaped staggered shelves. The box-type mushroom bed can manually control the temperature and humidity, the production period is compact, and the utilization rate of the mushroom house is high. At present, this method is mostly adopted by countries with a high level of mechanization and automation in the world.