Bedding and sowing techniques of Culture Materials in the process of Mushroom cultivation

1. Disinfection of mushroom house

The mushroom room should be cleaned before feeding, the surrounding walls and cultivation beds should be disinfected with bleach or lime water brush, the floor and wall base should be removed with lime and 20 times dichlorvos solution to kill insects and sterilize. Then close the doors and windows and fumigate with 500 ml formalin for every 100 cubic meters of mushroom room. The specific method is to pour formalin into an iron pot and add five times the water, heat it on a charcoal stove, and let formalin spread with moisture in the mushroom room. After 2 days, open the doors and windows to get some air. Some mushroom houses have a simple structure and are not easy to be airtight. 50 times the stone sulfur mixture can be used to spray the surrounding walls and mushroom beds.

2. Culture materials go to bed

The means of transportation should be disinfected before the culture material is put into bed. Move quickly so as not to lose too much heat in the stack. Immediately after moving into the mushroom room, pour into the mushroom bed, about 12-15 cm thick, layer by layer of excipients from top to bottom, lest the heat of the material is inconvenient to operate. If the culture material without secondary fermentation is not used, the doors and windows should be closed after going to bed and sweating for 2-3 days. And fumigate with sulfur or formaldehyde, generally 1.5 kilograms of sulfur for every 100 square meters of cultivated area, fumigated with 0.25 kilograms of sawdust for 24 hours or 1 kilogram of formalin containing 40% formaldehyde in an iron pot to let the gas out indoors. After disinfection, open the window for ventilation and sow seeds when the temperature drops below 28 ℃.

3. Sowing seeds

The main results are as follows: (1) the time of sowing is too early, the temperature is too high, the phenomenon of dead mushroom is easy to occur. Sowing too late, late mushroom, affecting the yield. According to the optimum temperature for mycelium growth of mushroom is 23-25 ℃, the optimum temperature for fruiting body formation is 13-16 ℃, the suitable sowing time is that there should be a suitable temperature condition for mycelium growth after sowing, and the gradual decrease of air temperature after one month is suitable for fruiting body formation. The specific time varies according to the climatic conditions of different regions. The sowing time in the southern provinces is about between September and October.

(2) there are three sowing methods: strip sowing, hole sowing and sowing. At present, hole sowing and strip sowing are the most widely used. Use your fingers to dig a hole in the shape of a square or plum blossom, with a distance of 10 to 12 centimeters and a depth of 3 to 4 centimeters, then insert a small piece of bacteria, cover and flatten it with culture material, and the top of the bacteria should be slightly exposed to facilitate ventilation. Each bottle of bacteria can sow 0.5 square meters. This is a commonly used method in production at present.

Strip sowing according to the row spacing of 10 cm to 12 cm, first dig a shallow trench, and then sprinkle the bacteria, cover and flatten them with the culture material, also can not completely cover the bacteria, the top should be slightly exposed. This method is labor-saving, but it uses a large amount of seeds and is rarely used in the case of insufficient strains.

First rake the surface of the culture material 3 cm deep, sprinkle it into the bacteria, then cover it with a thin layer of culture material and gently clap your hands. General wheat grain bacteria can be used in this way. Close the doors and windows for 3-4 days after sowing in order to maintain the temperature and humidity of the mushroom room and restore and colonize the hyphae. After 6-7 days, check the situation of seedling emergence. If there is a lack of holes and missed sowing, you should replant in time. If mold is found, ventilation should be strengthened and the temperature should be lowered to prevent the spread of bacteria.

4. Cover the soil

The function of soil mulching is to increase the humidity of the surface layer of the culture material, change the ratio of oxygen to carbon dioxide in the culture material, and promote the transformation of mycelium to the formation of fruiting body. And play a role in supporting the mushroom body after mushroom production. In addition, the covering soil itself has a certain weight and nutrients, which can play the role of gravity mechanical stimulation, microbial stimulation and supply of mushroom nutrition. As the material used for covering soil, the soil should be wet but not sticky, dry but not loose, loose and breathable, strong water retention capacity, and certain fertility, with a PH value of about 7.2. General pond mud. Peat soil, legume green manure soil and sandy soil are the best. The fertile soil in the surface layer has more germs and pests, so it is not suitable to take, usually take the soil below 20 centimeters from the surface. The recovered soil is dried and smashed, sifted with sieves with different holes, and the soil particles are divided into two kinds: coarse (such as broad bean) and fine (such as soybean). Before covering the soil, 1% lime water is used to adjust the moisture of the soil particles, which is generally required to be 20% to 25%. The time of covering soil is the most suitable when the hyphae of various holes can connect with each other and extend into the material layer of 5-6 cm, usually about two weeks after sowing. If the soil is covered too early, the mycelium has not developed well; the growth is slow, the mushroom is late, and the yield is not high. If the soil is covered too late, the mature mycelium is not suitable for the formation of fruiting body, and the yield will be reduced if it is easy to senescence.

Cover the soil with coarse soil, wait for the hyphae to cover the soil, and then cover the fine soil. The suitable thickness of covering soil is about 3.3 cm, with coarse soil accounting for 2 cm and fine soil for 1 cm. If the soil is too thin, it is easy to produce thin mushrooms, dense mushrooms and open umbrella mushrooms. If the soil is too thick, the mushroom will grow late, and there will be many abnormal mushrooms. Generally speaking, it is appropriate to see no material in coarse soil and not coarse in fine soil.