The latest cultivation techniques of shallow lotus root

I. soil preparation of lotus root fields

Selecting clay loam with deep, fertile and strong water retention, and applying more compost can reduce the rust spot of lotus root, applying 3000000 kg of soil manure per hectare or 60000 kg of green manure.

II. Seed selection and planting

Planting from Qingming to Grain Rain began to be harvested from late July to early August and can be harvested until around the Qingming Festival in the following year. Select the whole lotus root or seed lotus root with the characteristics of this variety. The distance between the early lotus root and the early lotus root is 3000 holes per hectare, that is, the distance between the early lotus root and the early lotus root is 3000 holes per hectare, that is, the distance between the early lotus root and the early lotus root is 3000 holes per hectare, that is, 3000 seed lotus roots with 3 mi 4 lotus heads, and 1650 holes per hectare with 3 mi 4 lotus heads. If the lotus root is used, 2 branches are arranged in each hole. Generally, each hectare needs 2250 kilograms of big lotus root and 1875 kilograms of small lotus root.

When planting lotus root, first arrange the lotus root seed on the field surface according to the prescribed plant spacing and the direction of the lotus root whip, then bury the head of the lotus root in the mud for 10 ~ 12 cm, and then put the node slightly on the surface of the water. Whether it is field lotus root or swinging lotus root, it is required to plant all the lotus root heads to the field, so as to prevent the lotus root whip from sticking out of the field stem.

Third, strengthen the management of lotus root fields

1. Weeding, picking leaves and folding buds: if a bud occurs, the pedicel should be twisted.

2, water level regulation: in the budding stage, keep the shallow water layer 3Mel 5cm, raise the soil temperature and promote germination; in the vigorous growth stage of lotus leaf and lotus whip, keep the water layer 12ml 15cm; at the beginning of lotus root formation stage, it is appropriate to use shallow water to protect lotus leaves; when there is a strong wind, the water layer should be deep to protect the lotus leaves; keep the shallow water layer one month before harvest.

3. Timely topdressing: base fertilizer is the main fertilizer, accounting for 70% of the total fertilizer, topdressing accounts for 30%. When lotus leaves grow vigorously and begin to bear lotus roots, manure and urine are applied twice, and 30000 kilograms per hectare of human feces are applied. Before each fertilization, shallow water should be placed so that the fertilizer is sucked into the soil, and then the water is released to the original depth.

4. Turning the lotus root tip: when the rolled leaf is 1 meter away from the edge of the field, pull the lotus root tip into the field at any time, and the lotus root tip should be carried out at noon when the stems and leaves are soft to prevent breaking.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: the main diseases are rot, which can be prevented by continuous cropping, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and disinfecting with lime, which is 22503000 kg per hectare. The main pests are aphids and Spodoptera litura. Aphids can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500 ml 2000 times, or with 50% wettability to spray aphid powder 1000 Mel 1500 times. For Spodoptera litura, it is used to spray 1000 times liquid, and the effect is better.

IV. Harvesting and storage

When picking tender lotus root, the leaves are still green, generally do not put dry field water, pick by hand; when the leaves die to harvest old lotus root, the lotus root field should be drained and dug with a spade. After the lotus root is dug out, it is generally not resistant to storage. It can be stored for a month in cold weather, and can only be stored for 15 days in early autumn and late spring. The stored lotus root should be ripe, the lotus root node is complete, the lotus root body has no damage with mud, and the broken part should be sealed with mud. During storage and transportation, it should not be too thick and too tight. It should be covered with lotus leaves and water plants, and should be watered frequently to maintain a cool and humid environment.

5. Main points

1. Select excellent lotus root. Select excellent varieties suitable for shallow water cultivation as lotus root, such as mid-early maturing variety, Elian No. 5, mid-late maturing variety, Elian No.2. Plant lotus root to choose stout, buds flourishing, no diseases and insect pests, no damage.

2. Select the fertile clay loam field. Because the root of shallow lotus root is underdeveloped and there is no root hair, the requirement for soil is relatively strict, so clay loam soil with deep, fertile and rich organic matter should be selected.

3. Cultivation mode. When sowing, the top of the lotus root is tilted downward by 30 degrees, and the back end is slightly exposed. Proper close planting has the effect of early ripening and increasing yield. The general density of precocious varieties is: row spacing 2 meters, hole spacing 0.7 meters. Late-maturing varieties should be sparsely planted properly, and their density is: row spacing 2-2.5 meters, hole spacing about 1 meter.

4. Scientific regulation and control of water level. The general principle of shallow lotus root water layer management is front shallow, middle deep and rear shallow. During the sprouting period, the water layer should be shallow, and it would be better to have a water layer of 7 cm. During the vigorous growth period, the water layer of stems and leaves should be deeper, and 1215 cm would be better. During the period of lotus root knot, the water layer should be shallow, and it would be better to use 4ml / 7cm.

5. After the soil is ready, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer. The base fertilizer of shallow lotus root is mainly organic fertilizer, and there are many kinds of organic fertilizer, including crop straw, humic acid fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, farm fertilizer, compound fertilizer and so on. If farm manure and compound fertilizer are used, 4000 kg to 5000 kg of rotten farm manure and 100kg of ternary compound fertilizer can be applied per mu.

6. Timely harvest. After the lotus root terminating leaf appears, the leaf back of the terminating leaf is reddish, and when the edge of the basal standing leaf begins to wither and yellow, the lotus root has fully matured. The lotus root can be dug up and listed at this time.