How is garlic grown and fertilized?

Garlic, also known as garlic, garlic. Semiannual herb of the genus Allium in Liliaceae, used as a bulb in medicine. Harvest in spring and summer, tie the handle, hang in the ventilated place, dry in the shade and set aside. As the agricultural proverb says, "if you plant garlic, it will grow nine months." when the leaves are withered in June, they will be dug, removed, ventilated, dried or baked until the outer skin is dry.

Garlic is oblate or short conical, with gray-white or light brown membranous scales on the outside, peeled off the scale leaves, with 6-10 cloves inside, whorled around the flower stem, the base of the stem is discoid, and there are many fibrous roots. Each garlic clove is wrapped in a thin film and peeled off to see white, thick and succulent scales. There is a strong spicy garlic flavor, spicy taste. It has a pungent smell, can be eaten or seasoned, or can be used as medicine. The underground bulb is divided into purple skin and white skin according to different skin color. Garlic was introduced into China from the Western regions in the Qin and Han dynasties. After artificial cultivation and breeding, garlic has the effect of anti-cancer and is loved by the public.

1. The law of fertilizer requirement for garlic

Through the experiment, the growth period of autumn sowing garlic is long, and it is necessary to absorb 1.42 kg of nitrogen, 0.44 kg of phosphorus and 0.99 kg of potassium for every 100 kg garlic. There are also great differences in the quantity and proportion of N, P and K nutrients absorbed in different growth and development stages.

1. Nitrogen: the amount of nitrogen absorbed is low in the overwintering period, and will gradually increase later, reaching the peak in the bulb expansion period; the absorption of nitrogen accounts for 30% of the total absorption before the differentiation period, therefore, to meet the demand for nitrogen in the middle and later stages of growth is the key measure to improve the yield and grade of garlic.

two。 Phosphorus: the absorption of phosphorus is very small before overwintering, and even less at the beginning of the overwintering period. The absorption of phosphorus was gradually enhanced from the green stage, and the amount of phosphorus absorbed by garlic was the largest in the period of differentiation and bolting. Due to the simultaneous development of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of garlic, the absorption of phosphorus was more and more urgent, which was the intensive nutritional period of phosphorus absorption by garlic, which accounted for 52.1% of the total phosphorus.

3. Potassium: the absorption of potassium by garlic has two peaks. The amount of potassium absorbed by young seedlings before winter accounts for 10.5% of the total potassium, and it is less in the overwintering stage. The absorption of potassium appears the first peak in the green stage, accounting for 26.7% of the total, which is nearly 4 times that of the seedling stage. The bulb expansion period is the second peak of potassium absorption, accounting for about 45% of the total potassium absorption in the whole growth period.

II. Fertilization techniques for garlic

1. The basic principles of fertilization: scientific and reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the level of soil fertility and the needs of different growth stages of garlic. To grasp the fertilization principle of "light in front and heavy in heavy", we should not only prevent excessive growth in the early stage, but also avoid fattening and premature senility in the later stage.

two。 Soil preparation and fertilization: garlic plots need deep ploughing and fine harrowing to enhance soil permeability, which is conducive to the activity of soil microorganisms and the transformation of soil nutrients, improve soil storage capacity, and is conducive to the development of roots and bulb expansion. It is necessary to plough and turn the sun as soon as possible after the harvest of the previous crop, with a depth of 20-25 cm.

Because it is covered with plastic film, it is not suitable for topdressing during the growth period of garlic. therefore, one-time application of sufficient base fertilizer should be combined with soil preparation before sowing, with an increase of 2500-3000 kg of farm fertilizer and 40-75 kg of chlorine-based compound fertilizer per mu. Ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate 1.5-2kg respectively.

3. Re-application of jointing fertilizer: garlic is different from other crops. when the climate is normal, field management is generally not carried out for garlic in the green stage, so as to avoid the occurrence of bacterial soft rot caused by sudden drop in soil temperature caused by watering prematurely, so that the growth of garlic is affected; therefore, the first topdressing should be carried out at the jointing stage, but 20-25 kg per mu of nitro compound fertilizer. The second fertilizer is applied at an interval of 15-20 days, and the amount of fertilizer per mu is about 20 kg.

4. Skillfully applying differentiation and bolting fertilizer: when garlic enters the period of differentiation and bolting, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time, the demand for phosphorus is strong, and it is also the most important topdressing in garlic life. It is necessary to wait until the garlic mu (present tail) mu to topdressing 15-20 kg of high-phosphorus and high-potassium compound fertilizer, dissolve and then apply.

5. The time of spraying fertilizer outside the root: it should be carried out before 11:00 or after 4pm on a sunny day. Types of fertilizer spraying: choose 2 kg of common calcium or 1 kg of sulfur-based compound fertilizer in 50 kg of water for 12 hours, and spray its clarification solution of 1 mu; it can also be used with 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4% solution and 0.15% manganese sulfate, 0.5% borax, 0.2% zinc sulfate, 0.15% copper sulfate solution. In the middle and later stages of garlic growth, according to the growth and appearance of garlic, foliar fertilizer spraying can be carried out 1-2 times, once at intervals of 7-10 days.