Flower spraying technique and Application of Tomato cultivation in greenhouse

Tomato (scientific name: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), is an annual or perennial herb of Solanaceae, with a height of 0.6-2 m, all sticky glandular hairs, strong odor, stems easy to lodge, leaves pinnately compound leaves or pinnately parted, inflorescence peduncle 2-5 cm long, often 3-7 flowers, calyx radiate, Corolla radiate, berries flat globular or subglobose, fleshy and juicy, seeds yellow, flowering summer and autumn.

The overwintering cultivation of tomato in greenhouse is under the condition of relatively low temperature in the first half of the flowering and fruiting period, and the humidity is high in the greenhouse, so it is difficult for tomato pollen to be pollinated naturally, so it is possible to knock flowers at noon or release bumblebees to assist pollination in order to improve the fruit setting rate. At present, farmers still use growth hormone-anti-falling hormone treatment to promote and ensure fruit setting, but they must strictly grasp the correct method of use.

First, choose anti-falling element treatment.

Do not advocate the use of 2pyrum 4merd 2je 4flint D is originally a herbicide, which is strong and prone to drug damage. It has been reported many times in foreign countries that it is harmful to people, and its use has long been banned internationally. It is relatively safe to use anti-falling element. The chemical name of anti-falling element is p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, also known as "tomato spirit". The use of flower spraying technology can not only save labor and time, but also promote fruit setting. The tomato group members of the vegetable Institute of Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted experiments on the effects of several different types of hormones on tomato in the experimental field from January to March 2009. It can be seen from Table 1 that compared with Fanglu, 2mem4murD has faster effect, better effect of flower and fruit protection, but easy to produce abnormal fruit; Fanglutin is safer, not easy to produce malformed fruit, but the effect is slower. The rate of malformed fruit can be greatly reduced by using anti-falling hormone, and the concentration of anti-falling hormone is significantly lower than that of using 2mem4Mel D.

Second, the concentration of anti-falling hormone.

The concentration of anti-falling hormone is generally 14-16 mg/L. If the concentration is too low, the effect is not significant. If the concentration is too high, it is easy to produce deformed fruit and hollow fruit. The concentration should also change with the change of external temperature. generally speaking, the concentration limit is low at high temperature and high at low temperature. It is best to carry out flower dipping experiment before application: several normal flowers are selected. If the ovary dipped in flowers begins to expand within 4-5 days, it shows that the concentration is appropriate and can be applied with this concentration. Premature expansion indicates that the concentration is too high, and too late means that the concentration is too low.

Third, the suitable period and position of spraying flowers

Now the anti-falling element seen in the market can be found everywhere. In terms of use, some say that when using anti-falling element, the concentration should be reduced as much as possible, which is good, but at the same time, it is written that the part where the anti-falling element is sprayed is the whole plant, which is completely wrong. This is a misleading to the use of anti-falling element.

During the period of ① spraying, a small sprayer is used to spray flowers, and it is best when there are 2 or 3 flowers blooming in a flower ear. Do not apply fancy spray when the first bud of an ear is about to bloom, as it will affect the blossom and fruit of the following flowers and cause drug damage at the same time. When spraying flowers, do not spray anti-falling medicine liquid to the young leaves and growth point of the plant (brain), otherwise drug damage will also occur.

② spray parts should be sprayed on the back of the flower, that is, on the stalk and calyx, rather than on the petals. This is because the root cause of tomato shedding is the increase of abscisic acid concentration at the junction of calyx and petiole. when abscisic acid reaches a certain concentration, the flower stalk and calyx are separated. The root cause is the imbalance between the concentration of abscisic acid and auxin. In this way, as long as we inhibit the increase of abscisic acid at the junction of calyx and pedicel, we can promote tomato fruit setting, and spraying anti-abscisic acid at the junction of calyx and pedicel can effectively inhibit the formation of abscisic acid and promote the formation of auxin. Generally speaking, if you spray a flower ear once, you can sit on more than 2 fruits.

The temperature of ③ spraying is mainly based on the weather and the temperature in the shed, and the effect of spraying flowers is the best when the temperature is 20 ℃ and 25 min. Therefore, when the temperature is very high from September to October in autumn or from May to June in early summer, it is generally the best after 5:00 in the afternoon, and 9:00-10:00 or 3:00-4:00 in late autumn and spring from March to April. It is best to choose cloudy or sunny days from 10:00 to 2:00 in the low temperature period in winter, and you can spray flowers when the temperature in the greenhouse is about 15 ℃. However, do not spray in winter and early spring cloudy and rainy days, because after spraying Fanglu, the liquid is not easy to dry on rainy days, and the residual liquid will be transmitted to the growing point and cause drug damage.

④ spray interval days, in the spring and autumn season, high humidity period, generally 3-4 days, early spring season low temperature period, every 5-6 days, generally in the last spray can see the flower wilting, the fruit began to expand and set fruit, and then spray the next time, so as not to repeat the spray. If you encounter continuous cloudy and rainy days, spray the blooming tomato flowers again after the weather clears up.

IV. Field management after spraying flowers

In order to improve the economic benefit, the defective fruits with no value or low value (diseased fruit, deformed fruit, split fruit, small fruit) should be picked in time in the young fruit stage. Due to the strong growth potential and fruit setting ability of some tomato varieties, such as foreign FA-189, FA-516, good West, Beiying, FA-1420, domestic Zhejiang za, Ouxiu series, sometimes there are too many fruits per panicle after anti-falling element treatment, so it is necessary to take appropriate fruit thinning. Plants in normal growth state generally leave 2-3 fruits per panicle, 3-4 per panicle later, and 5 at most, do not bear too much fruit per panicle, and require ears to bear fruit, especially per panicle, which requires the same size. When a panicle has 3-4 small fruits, the flowers or small fruits behind must be picked in time. In short, the fruits harvested are high-quality commercial fruits of uniform size.