Cultivation techniques of 45 cm double-strip close planting of soybean

As the row spacing shrinks, the density of 45 cm double-strip close planting of soybean increases, so it is necessary to choose varieties with strong culms, short stalks or semi-dwarf stalks. In addition, according to the climatic and geographical characteristics of Yixian County, varieties should be selected when they mature earlier but not too early, so as not to waste accumulated temperature and affect yield. At present, our county meets the variety conditions, and the varieties suitable for narrow row and close planting are Heinong 35, Heihe 19, Heihe 27, Hongfeng 12, Hongfeng 11, Hefeng 40, Suinong 11, Kennong 19, Kennong 18, Kenjian Dou 25, Kenjian Dou 27, Beifeng 11 and so on. 1.2 seed treatment should be selected by manual seed selection or soybean seed selection machine before sowing, removing impurity seeds, insect-eating seeds and diseased seeds, so that the water content of seeds is 98%, and the germination rate is more than 85%. In order to control root rot and underground pests, the seeds should be treated with soybean seed coating agent. if not treated, zinc fertilizer, or boromolybdic acid, or ammonium molybdate can be selected for seed dressing. (2) reasonable ploughing and fine soil preparation 2.1 Land selection and stubble selection should choose the land with flat topography, deep ploughing layer, high soil fertility, deep soil preparation after ploughing or raking stubble, and the first stubble is mainly corn, potato and wheat. No stubble, no stubble. 2.2 to create good soil ploughing conditions, reasonable ploughing and fine soil preparation is one of the fundamental measures to increase soybean production, it can reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests and eliminate weeds, and can store water to preserve moisture and mature soil, which is the basis of soybean seedlings. Horizontal planting with narrow rows and close planting and shoveling at the right time during the growth period can effectively improve the ability of soil to resist drought, flood and temperature. If you encounter a plot with no deep loosening and deep ploughing foundation, ploughing and ploughing should be carried out with a rake stubble of 18cm and 20cm or ploughing in autumn, so as to create good soil ploughing conditions, so that the soil is fine and crushed, the ploughing depth and the surface are flat. (3) Scientific fertilization combined with soil preparation as base fertilizer should apply more than 5 tons per hectare of organic fertilizer with organic matter content more than 8% at once. When applying chemical fertilizer, trace elements and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be fertilized in a balanced and reasonable manner after soil testing. As fertilizer, chemical fertilizer should be applied at the place where the plant is planted at 4cm or 7cm at different levels. Basically, the amount of conventional fertilizer application should be increased by 15%. In the early flowering stage and the early stage of weak growth of soybean, 1.5 kg / ha potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 10 kg / ha was sprayed to 500 kg / ha of water, or there was no micro-fertilizer interception or no micro-fertilizer was applied as seed fertilizer. (4) when high-quality sowing is applied in 45 cm double-strip close planting, considering that most of the current varieties are selected by conventional ridges under normal density, the density should not be too high, and double-row equidistant precision or mechanical flat sowing should be adopted. The small line spacing between the two lines is 10-12 cm, and the large line spacing is 45 cm. The northern region can start sowing from May 5 to 15, when the sowing soil temperature is stable at 7 ℃ ~ 8 ℃, 36 ~ 460000 seedlings per hectare. After sowing, the soil cover is 3 cm and 5 cm. The sowing depth should be uniform, and there should be no leakage and no broken strips. (5) Chemical weeding is the best choice in 45 cm double-strip close planting, because the effect of manual and mechanical weeding is not good because of the limitation of density or plant growth. In autumn, when the temperature is stable below 10 ℃, combined with autumn soil preparation and suitable soil temperature, autumn application can be carried out, and the dosage is 10% to 20% more than that in spring, which can effectively control weeds in the coming spring. Dou Yi mixture can also be used to seal the soil after sowing and before seedling under the condition of better soil moisture, and the weed control effect is better. If the effect of weeding before seedling is not good, nail tooth rake can be used to kill weeds mechanically, or weeds burning and grass EC can be used in time to kill weeds after seedlings. (6) the control of soybean root rot by pest control can be used to control soybean root rot at seedling stage or to spray 1500 times of metalaxyl wettable powder, 1500 times of aldicarb and omethoate spray to control soybean aphids. Red spiders can be used 1500 times solution and Damien EC spray to control red spider If the soybean heart borer reaches the control target, that is, when the insect feeding rate of the previous year is more than 5%, it can be controlled by conventional spraying, such as killing, enemy killing, Kuaishaling and so on. For the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 50% Nonglieling wettable powder 1.2-1.5 kg per hectare or 50% Sclerotinia sclerotiorum should be sprayed with 600 kg of water at the early flowering stage of soybean. 7 promote and control the combination of soybean growth is too weak or too prosperous is not good, if the early growth is too prosperous, the growth continues to be too fierce to the flowering stage, it will become a growing field, leading to flowers and pods, lodging, yield reduction and other dangers. Therefore, Fengshoubao, paclobutrazol and triiodobenzoic acid can be sprayed to resist overgrowth, prevent lodging, increase flowers and protect pods, and increase yield. If the growth is too weak, if the plant is short and sealed late due to drought and other reasons, urea can be used for extra-root topdressing, or the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be sprayed for foliar topdressing at the early flowering stage of soybean. (8) timely harvest in the mature period of soybean is the key to high yield and harvest. It can be harvested with the combine harvester without leaving the bottom pod in the mature period when all the soybean leaves are shedding. The cleaning rate is more than 95%, and the organic fertilizer of 8% broken grain is more than 5 tons per hectare. When applying chemical fertilizer, trace elements and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be fertilized in a balanced and reasonable manner after soil testing. As fertilizer, chemical fertilizer should be applied at the place where the plant is planted at 4cm or 7cm at different levels. Basically, the amount of conventional fertilizer application should be increased by 15%. In the early flowering stage and the early stage of weak growth of soybean, 1.5 kg / ha potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 10 kg / ha was sprayed to 500 kg / ha of water, or there was no micro-fertilizer interception or no micro-fertilizer was applied as seed fertilizer.

4 high quality sowing

In the application of 45 cm double-strip close planting, considering that most of the current varieties are selected by conventional ridges under normal density, the density should not be too high, double-row equidistant precision or mechanical horizontal sowing should be adopted. The small line spacing between the two lines is 10-12 cm, and the large line spacing is 45 cm. The northern region can start sowing from May 5 to 15, when the sowing soil temperature is stable at 7 ℃ ~ 8 ℃, 36 ~ 460000 seedlings per hectare. After sowing, the soil cover is 3 cm and 5 cm. The sowing depth should be uniform, and there should be no leakage and no broken strips.

5 chemical weeding

Chemical weeding is the best choice in 45 cm double-strip close planting, because due to the limitation of density or plant growth, the effect of manual and mechanical weeding is not good. In autumn, when the temperature is stable below 10 ℃, combined with autumn soil preparation and suitable soil temperature, autumn application can be carried out, and the dosage is 10% to 20% more than that in spring, which can effectively control weeds in the coming spring. Dou Yi mixture can also be used to seal the soil after sowing and before seedling under the condition of better soil moisture, and the weed control effect is better. If the effect of weeding before seedling is not good, nail tooth rake can be used to kill weeds mechanically, or weeds burning and grass EC can be used in time to kill weeds after seedlings.

(6) Disease and pest control

For the prevention and control of soybean root rot, soybean root rot can be irrigated at soybean seedling stage or sprayed with 1500 times metalaxyl wettable powder, soybean aphids can be controlled by 1500 times of aldicarb and omethoate spray; red spiders can be controlled by 1500 times of mites and Dabalin EC spray; if soybean heart borer reaches the control target, that is, when the insect feeding rate of the previous year is more than 5%, conventional spray control can be used, such as killing, killing, quick killing and so on. For the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 50% Nonglieling wettable powder 1.2-1.5 kg per hectare or 50% Sclerotinia sclerotiorum should be sprayed with 600 kg of water at the early flowering stage of soybean.

7 the combination of promotion and control

Soybean growth is too weak or too prosperous is not good, if the early growth is too prosperous, the growth continues to be too fierce to the flowering stage, it will become an overgrown field, leading to flowers and pods, lodging, yield reduction and other dangers. Therefore, Fengshoubao, paclobutrazol and triiodobenzoic acid can be sprayed to resist overgrowth, prevent lodging, increase flowers and protect pods, and increase yield. If the growth is too weak, if the plant is short and sealed late due to drought and other reasons, urea can be used for extra-root topdressing, or the mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be sprayed for foliar topdressing at the early flowering stage of soybean.

8 timely harvest

Timely harvest in the mature period of soybean is the key to high yield. It can be harvested with the combine harvester without leaving bottom pods in the mature period when all the leaves of soybean fall off. Make the cleaning rate > 95% and break the particles.