Techniques of winter irrigation of fruit trees

The best time of winter irrigation for fruit trees is from fruit harvest to soil freezing.

The winter irrigation is too early, the temperature is still relatively high, and the evaporation is large, which is not conducive to water storage and moisture conservation, and reduces the cold-resistant and anti-freezing ability of fruit trees. Too late, due to low temperature, soil hardening, water infiltration can not go down, stagnant water is frozen, the root system of fruit trees is vulnerable to frost damage. The time of winter irrigation of fruit trees is generally 5 ℃ in 5 cm soil layer and 3 ℃ in air temperature. At this time, even if the night temperature drops below 0 ℃, the freezing phenomenon occurs, but it can still be thawed after the temperature rises in the daytime. So it is the best time for fruit trees to be irrigated in winter.

Irrigation amount of winter irrigation of fruit trees in the same day after irrigation, all the water seeped into the ground and seeped into the root distribution layer, that is, 20-30 cm for juvenile fruit trees, 70-100 cm for adult fruit trees, and 60%-80% of the maximum field capacity of soil moisture.

The method of winter irrigation

1. Well irrigation

Fruit growers with good conditions and wells should adopt the method of well irrigation. Before well irrigation, in the fruit tree land, according to the fruit tree, dig and repair the canal, open the gate to release water, irrigate and irrigate thoroughly, so that the fruit tree has enough to drink, increase the water in the root, and improve the growth ability.

2. Watering roots

Watering the roots of 1-year-old and 2-year-old fruit trees and using a large soil barrier around the perennial fruit trees with an oval ridge 15-20 cm high can prevent watering, save water sources, achieve watering concentration and make the water more permeable.

3. Drip irrigation

For orchards with drip irrigation conditions, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation can save water by 60% to 70%.

4. Guigou

For perennial fruit trees, 50 to 70 centimeters away from the fruit trees, make a small ditch around the fruit trees, pour water into the ditch, and the water will sink to the roots and be absorbed by the roots. If it is impermeable for the first time, after watering it again the next day, fill the ditch with soil and keep it steady to prevent frostbite. Be careful not to hurt the roots when digging ditches and adding soil. Otherwise, it will affect the growth of fruit trees.

5. Turn the land to preserve soil moisture

Winter irrigation will cause soil surface hardening, soil capillaries intact, resulting in accelerated soil water evaporation, affecting the effect of winter irrigation. Therefore, according to the different soil types of the orchard after winter irrigation, timely and moderate manual tillage can destroy the soil capillary system, reduce soil water evaporation, and increase soil fertility through solarization in the whole winter. the low temperature in cold winter will reduce the survival rate of diseases and insect pests.