Planting time and method of upland rice, spring sowing from April to May and summer sowing in mid-June

Planting time: spring sowing is generally from mid-April to mid-May, and summer sowing is usually around June 15. Planting method: select high-quality upland rice varieties, choose suitable time to plant according to local environment, apply basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer, timely topdressing during growing period, complete seedling water, booting water and heading filling water are indispensable, and actively control common diseases and insect pests. there is a great difference in upland rice yield between the north and the south, and the yield in the north is generally higher than that in the south.

I. varieties

(1) in production, varieties that have passed national or provincial examination and approval and integrated management of breeding, propagation and promotion should be selected. For example, the varieties examined by the State are Zhonghan 297 and Luhan No. 1, and the varieties approved in Anhui Province are Handao 906 and Xinliangyou 212.

(2) Upland rice is divided into spring sowing and summer sowing, spring sowing is generally carried out from mid-April to mid-May, mostly in mid-May, while summer sowing before June 15 is suitable, the earlier the better.

2. Live broadcast

(1) Upland rice is also called drought-resistant rice. Unlike "rice" grown in paddy fields, upland rice does not need water layer all its life, and is usually fed by rain after direct seeding in dry land or dry fields, or on this basis, appropriate supplementary irrigation.

(2) Upland rice is not wheat and corn, and irrigation conditions must be provided in the special critical period, otherwise it will have a great impact on the yield.

(3) although the requirements of light and temperature for the growth of upland rice are similar to those of rice, the lifetime water requirement of upland rice is about 2 × 3 or less than that of rice.

3. Soil

The main results are as follows: (1) in Anhui Province, upland rice is most suitable for planting in low-lying and waterlogged dryland and water-deficient paddy fields, as well as in mountainous areas with more Rain Water, hills and dryland where water can be irrigated.

(2) from the middle of May to the middle of June, the rice seeds should be exposed to the sun for 2 days before sowing, and mechanical strip sowing or artificial hole sowing should be used. The amount of rice seeds per mu should be 3ml 5kg (low seed amount for sand and high seed quantity for clay), and the sowing depth should be 2cm. If there is no effective precipitation in the weather forecast at this time, the first permeable water should be irrigated in time to strive for early seedling, uniform seedling and whole seedling. The field inspection was carried out at the seedling 3-Mel 4-leaf stage. If there is a phenomenon of missing seedlings and broken ridges, it can be dense and thinned.

IV. Fertilization

(1) Base fertilizer: apply sufficient base fertilizer and 20-30kg ternary compound fertilizer before turning over the soil.

(2) seed fertilizer: 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 10 kg of urea were applied in holes or ditches before sowing.

(3) topdressing: seedlings in 4-leaf stage, topdressing urea 8 to 10 kg per mu, potash fertilizer 5 to 10 kg per mu, topdressing 10 kg urea per mu about 60 days after sowing, and spraying plant nutrient solution 70 to 100 ml at filling stage.

Fifth, watering

(1) if the weather is favorable, upland rice should not be watered during the whole growth period. However, if there is no effective precipitation for a long time and the farmland is dry, there is "three times of water", that is, the whole seedling water, booting water and heading filling water after sowing.

(2) Qi Miao water: it is related to whether the whole seedling can be produced in time, and continuous drought occurs after sowing, which affects not only rice seedling emergence but also chemical weeding.

(3) booting water: drought at booting stage can lead to small panicle, reduce the number of grains per spike, and even cause growth stagnation and other problematic periods. The areas with good water source conditions remain moist or shallow water layer at this time.

(4) heading and filling water: lack of water at heading stage, slow heading, decrease of seed setting rate, drought at ripening stage, increase of empty grains, decrease of 1000-grain weight and decrease of rice quality, so permeable water should be irrigated once at the initial heading stage to ensure its water demand.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

The main results are as follows: (1) the disease of upland rice can be controlled by pest control, but due to the lack of water layer, the effect of pesticide application is greatly affected by farmland moisture, and weed control has become the first key to the success or failure of upland rice production.

(2) Disease control: powdery mildew was controlled with triadimefon and triadimefon, Rhizoctonia solani or Rhizoctonia solanacearum was used to control sheath blight during the closure period, tricyclazole was used to control rice blast 1-3 days before the break, and Rhizoctonia grisea or Rhizoctonia solani was used to control rice false smut.

(3) weed control: upland rice weeds were evenly sprayed with 40% direct seeding net wettable powder 30 g / mu and 40 kg water 2 days after sowing for the first time; second, combined with topdressing, herbicides were used once from 3 leaves to 4 leaves of rice seedlings (50% dichloroquinoline + 10% pyrrolidone 60-80 g / mu was available, and the soil had better be moist).

(4) Pest control: according to the disease and pest information of the county plant protection station, or the occurrence of rice thrips and rice planthoppers in the field, the peak occurrence period of rice borer moth in the field was pushed back 7 to 8 days, and avermectin was used to control rice borer and rice planthopper. Avermectin and aphids can be used when rice borer and rice planthopper mixed.

VII. Output level

The main results are as follows: (1) there is a great difference in the yield of upland rice between the north and the south. Upland rice in the south is mostly planted in barren mountain and hilly land, which depends on natural rainfall. Most of the old varieties of farmers are only about 200 kg per mu.

(2) the northern upland rice is mostly planted in the low-altitude plain area, which is the main grain producing area, with a high level of fertilization and certain irrigation conditions. The new varieties have eliminated the old varieties, so the yield per mu is generally 300 to 500 kg. The yield per mu of super-high-yield fields can reach more than 600 kg.

VIII. Advantages

(1) it is more drought-tolerant and water-saving than rice. Usually, in northern China, supplementary irrigation is only needed for 2 to 4 times in a lifetime, which is only less than 4 times of that of rice. In the south where Rain Water is rich, there is no need for irrigation and it is all fed by rain.

(2) Upland rice is suitable for direct seeding and other light cultivation needs, saving labor input and improving labor productivity.

(3) the endophytic aeration tissue of upland rice is well developed, but there is no such structure in general upland crops. Therefore, upland rice is more resistant to waterlogging than dry grain crops such as corn, soybean and wheat, so it is very suitable for planting in low-lying dry land, and generally can obtain higher yield than dry grain crops.

(4) Upland rice has strong barren tolerance and is suitable for planting in many types of dry land. In some countries, upland rice is often used as a "pioneer crop" for the development of dry land.