The latest management technology of apple trees

1. Water and fertilizer management

Water and fertilizer are the basis and foundation of apple tree growth and fruit expansion. Only by meeting the requirements of water and fertilizer can we ensure that the trees are vigorous and fruitful, and the practice is to ensure that the garden is watered once a year in winter, spring and summer. To meet the water requirements of fruit trees and fruit in each growth period. In terms of fertilization, in line with the fertilization concept of "reducing nitrogen, controlling phosphorus and increasing potassium", the method adopts the mode of "root application, leaf spraying and drying". The young trees of 3-5 years were mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer promoted the rapid growth of tree potential and rapid crown expansion. In general, 0.5 kg of urea and 0.5 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to the plant in autumn, and the same amount is applied and irrigated in spring. Water and fertilizer management is carried out in this way. The fruit will be sporadic in two or three years, and it will be fruitful in five years. Sheng orchard is the pursuit of high yield, create high efficiency, but also high investment, at this time fertilization should adopt the combination of "root application and leaf spraying" method. In autumn, base fertilizer is applied to 3000 Mu of rotten farm manure, 3 kg of three-element fertilizer, 3 kg of humic acid or probiotic fertilizer, 1 kg of humic acid or probiotic fertilizer. When fertilizing in spring, nitrogen fertilizer is increased, and other fertilizers can be reduced appropriately. At the end of May and the beginning of June, according to the situation of hanging fruit, 2mur3kg of phosphate fertilizer with less nitrogen and more potassium was applied in summer, and from the end of June, it was sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus Shuofeng 481 or Tianda 2116, beneficial fruit, fruit friends and odd core amino acids every 10 to 15 days. In August, fertilizer was applied again in the last expansion period of the fruit to ensure the last rapid expansion of the fruit. In this way, the management of water and fertilizer can ensure that the tree potential is "strong but not prosperous, prosperous but not risking, stable leaves and green fruit", so as to achieve "no de-fatting, no falling leaves, no striping". Spray 0.3% 0.5% urea into the garden in time after fruit picking. Accumulate nutrients for next year's flowering and lay the foundation for high yield in the later stage.

2. Flower and fruit management

Florescence management must be meticulous and careful, not the slightest carelessness, in order to make the flowers consistent, one is to spray 2116 days in the early flowering period or love to collect more. Shuofeng 481 to prevent frost in spring, spray 0.2%-0.3% boron fertilizer plus 0.2%-0.3% urea in full bloom, and spray again 7 days after flowering. The second is reasonable load. Adhere to the principle of "thinning flowers is not as good as buds, fruit is not as good as flowers". According to the condition of the tree, leave as few fruits as possible to ensure that all the fruits are more than 85 in the later stage. As the saying goes, "what vines you leave, what eggs you bear". Therefore, how to keep the fruit and what fruit you keep has a great impact on the quality and yield of the fruit. Be sure to keep the tall fruit, the green fruit, the slanting fruit and the smooth fruit. Leave the fruit with wide shoulders and remove the fruit with different sizes at both ends. Leave the fruit with long stalk and remove the fruit with short stalk. Leave the drooping fruit and remove the rising fruit on the back. Leave the fruit in the middle of the auxiliary tip of the fruit table. Remove the fruit without secondary tips. Only strict flower thinning and fruit retention can ensure the common growth of trees and fruits.

3. Fine pruning

Good tree potential is the key to the production of high-grade and high-quality fruit. What kind of tree potential to choose and what kind of pruning method to take should be determined according to their own garden appearance and tree species. Young garden pruning should be based on the goal of high yield in the early stage and high quality in the later stage. Take without truncation. The method of continuous long retraction and uniaxial extension achieves three-dimensional results. The adult garden should adopt the dynamic management of digging thin, falling low and sparse. In other words, the tree body should be ventilated so that the branches can be seen and ventilated, and the height of the tree should be controlled within 2.6 meters, with 2.8 meters being the most suitable. Each tree has 5 branches and 7 branches. It is best to keep 60-80,000 branches per mu. On the remaining 7 branches, the lateral branches larger than 0.5 cm were all removed. Leave all the twigs and leave all the nutrition of the big twigs to these twigs. This is called "it is better to raise a son than to raise a grandson". These twigs one year, two years flower, three years fruit, cycle fruit, there is no big or small year, and the fruit is of high quality. The second is to carve buds on the bald branches when they sprout in spring every year. The method is as follows: the buds on the back of the horizontal branches are carved after the buds, and the side buds are carved before the buds. In summer, from May to July, the thick branches like chopsticks are supported by the left hand, and the right hand holds the middle and back of the branch. Press down reasonably with your thumb until you hear the sound of the branch. This method is very effective, and the flowering rate is also very high. For the orchard with a large amount of fruit last year, do not prune in winter, this is due to the weakening resistance of the tree, if the winter pruning will make the tree can not survive the winter and rot frequently. It should be trimmed in spring. Then, for the trees with a large amount of fruit, cut short and long flower branches in time before blooming in spring, retract flower branches, remove weak flower branches, and never peel around in summer, this method may lead to tree weakness, serious disease, and affect yield and quality. Rational use of control, twisting, heart-picking and other conventional methods on the line.

4. Disease and pest control

Pest control is the key to ensure the production of high-quality fruit. In particular, it is very important to use 2Mel for three times before bagging. For the first time ten days after anthesis, the dosage should be less because the surface layer of the young fruit is highly sensitive, and the drug can be treated with high-quality germicidal and insecticidal drugs, such as Dasheng MMI 45, Anzhi, Jinlux, Bei Bo, Haoli, Aike, Nongkang 120, and so on. The most important thing is to seize the medication at the end of May and the beginning of June. This is a critical period for ensuring leaves for a year. Tebuconazole, Naoxin, Cartol, Beibo, Avermectin and Dabaxin should be used to control early defoliation, and a compound method can be adopted to get twice the result with half the effort.