The latest cultivation techniques of Hot Pepper in Scientific greenhouse

1. Raising seedlings

1.1, seedbed preparation: seedlings can be raised by means of sunny border, greenhouse and small arch shed, solar greenhouse and so on. The area of the seedbed should be 25-30 square meters per mu (12-15 meters long and 1.2 meters wide). The seedling bed refurbishment and nutrient soil preparation are contrary to the way of flue-cured tobacco seedling cultivation, which can not be raised by sheep dung, human feces and immature ring manure. Slicing is commonly used to raise seedlings, and plastic is the best choice for raising seedlings in separate pots. The specification of cutting seedling is 7-8 cm long and 8 cm wide (160-200 yuan per square meter), 2 strong seedlings are left in each piece, and the bed soil is 10 cm thick. Fill the seedling bed with 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl topiramate 50-75 grams with water, and disinfect the bed soil. Sprinkle the nursery bed with 50% methyl isosinophos or 90% trichlorfon crystal 100 grams in water to avoid the harm of underground beneficial insects. Each bed is watered with 4-5 gasoline cans, twice, and the last on the day of harvest.

1.2. Seed disposal: the method of seedling transplanting is adopted, which requires 100-150 grams of pepper seeds per mu. Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked in warm water of 50-54 ℃ for 10-15 minutes or soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, then washed with clean water and germinated in an environment of 25-30 ℃ for 3-5 days. 40% of the seeds must be harvested before they are "exposed".

1.3, sowing: the pepper seedling stage usually takes 60-80 days, and the best seedling raising period in our city is from the end of February to the first ten days of March, no later than March 10 at the latest. Use cut pieces to raise seedlings, precision on demand, then cover 1 cm of soil, and timely covered with film to keep warm. The next seed must meet the seed disposal standard, and it is never allowed to soak the seed or not accelerate the germination or 40% of the seed after soaking. Seed ordering should be carried out at noon on a sunny day to prevent rain and snow.

1.4. seedling bed management: after emergence, the temperature in the seedling bed was 23-27 ℃ in the daytime and 14-15 ℃ at night. Two strong seedlings were left in each piece (bowl) of sliced seedlings and nutrient bowl seedlings. When 2-3 true leaves of seedlings were sprayed with 1000-fold solution of methyl topiramate or 800-1000 times of prohydantoin and 400-600 times of Prik, the spread of diseases such as pepper blight was avoided. After slowing down the seedlings, the daytime temperature was controlled at 23-27 ℃ and the night temperature was controlled at 14-15 ℃. 15 days before planting, the temperature should be lowered properly and the seedlings should be refined by controlling water.

2. Colonization

2.1, fertilization and soil preparation: pepper land should try to prevent continuous sitting plots, turn the cultivated land deeply before winter, and rake to preserve soil moisture in early spring. Combined spring ploughing with 25-50 kg of superphosphate, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate or 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5000 kg of mature soil fertilizer per mu. According to the ridge width 1.1 meters wide ridge, ridge height 10-15 cm, ridge width 60 cm.

2.2. Timely planting: the colonization of plastic film mulching cultivation in open field should be carried out from late April to early May. According to the wide row 60 cm, narrow row 50 cm, litter spacing 30 cm double-row colonization, 2 plants per litter, showing the shape of "product", about 8000 seedlings per mu. If you encounter drought when planting, transplant with water to improve the survival rate. Methyl topiramate or Prik should be sprayed before transplanting to prevent the spread of diseases.

3. Field management

After planting, weeds in the field should be cleared in time, fertilizer and water management and pest control should be strengthened. Less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the seedling stage; the amount of fertilizer should be increased appropriately at the bud stage, but the nitrogen fertilizer should not be too fierce to prevent lodging, falling flowers and greedy green in the early stage; a small amount of topdressing should be applied in the fruit stage. The detailed method is to add 40-50 kg of water with 10 kg urea and 20 kg superphosphate leaching solution per mu, drill holes 20 cm away from the plant, or use 0.2 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20-30 kg water to carry out foliar spraying, so as to promote early flower turning, early fruit sitting and early red ripening.

4. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main diseases of pepper are virus disease, blight, anthrax, quenching disease and lush disease, and the main insect pests are aphids, heart worms and so on. 1. Aphids: spray with trisodium phosphate and washing powder 500x; or use 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2000-4000 times spray; 2. Blight and anthracnose: irrigated with 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder, 70% methyl topiramate 1000 times or 50% more than Yinling 800 times; 3. If the center of gravity diseased plant is shown in the field, the focus of the disease is blocked by filling the root with 250 times of 50% Ruidu wettable powder or 0.3% copper sulfate.

5. The picking of chili

Due to the different methods of eating chili peppers, the harvest standards are also different. Fresh green peppers should be harvested when the fruit is fully expanded and shaped, while pickled and dried red peppers should be harvested when the fruit is 70% ripe. The methods of drying chili peppers are: natural drying. That is, it is tied up into a string while harvesting, and the frame is set up to let it air dry naturally.

Using manual picking, the tools and packaging used in the harvest process are required to be clean and hygienic, and do not pollute organic chili peppers; stacked separately from other vegetables to achieve single harvest, single transportation, single release, to prevent mixing; listed chili peppers are required to be fresh, clean and free of insect spots.