The latest management methods of peach trees

First, spring restoration

1. Cut off the withered, dead and blind branches left over from winter, and the autumn shoots without leaf buds in the middle.

2. Peeling buds: the buds on the back of the extended branches should be removed, the tiger buds on the top buds of the extended branches should be removed, and the overgrown buds next to the large wound should also be removed.

3. If the pruning branches are too dense in winter, the fruiting branches on the back should be properly thinned so that the fruiting branches do not cross each other and do not overlap.

II. Disease and pest control

Around May 10, the new peach has not yet aged, the leaves are young, and all kinds of diseases and pests are most likely to occur, including newly hatched shell insects, bug bugs, brown rot, anthracnose and so on. At this time, prevention and treatment drugs can be used methyl topiramate 10 grams per tree, plus Wanling each tree packet (10 grams).

Around May 25, before bagging, you can take medicine into the bag and spray pyridazine copper once, 20murine 25ml per tree, plus Aotai 30Mel 35g. This is a very important comprehensive control drug, which can control red spider, stinky bug, perforation, gum disease, scab and so on.

Third, pick the heart in time

1, newly planted peach seedlings, happy shape, when the new shoot reaches 45 cm, pick the heart at 40 cm in time, if you do not pick the heart in time, it will cause the base angle of the three main branches to be too large, so you must pick the heart when the new shoot is not lignified to ensure that the base angle of the main branch is 45 °- 50 °. If you use the main rod planting method, you don't have to pick the heart and let it grow, but after the new shoot reaches 20 centimeters, it must be tied with a bamboo pole in time, about three times a year, so that the trunk can reach about 160 centimeters high.

2. For young fruit trees born in 2023, the extended branches are generally 40 cm from the heart, depending on the space size of the middle and lower part of the inner rifles. The thick branches can be picked higher, but the branchlets can be picked lower at the limit of 35 cm, and it is appropriate to take 10 ml and 20 cm. The over-dense area can be properly thinned.

Fourth, reasonable fruit thinning

The purpose of fruit thinning is to improve the fruit quality of the year, and to adjust the relationship between fruit and growth of peach trees, which is beneficial to the continuous high yield and high quality of peach trees. Generally, the yield of each adult peach tree should not exceed 50 kg, that is, a maximum of 300 fruits should be left per tree. The key is how to keep fruit reasonably: general long fruit branch leaves 2 fruit, medium and short fruit branch leaves 1 fruit; retained fruit should choose top or middle round large fruit; remove back fruit, basal fruit, small fruit, crooked fruit, deformed fruit. Fruit thinning time: Hujing honeydew and Xinfeng honeydew from May 15, white flower series varieties can be postponed appropriately. The number of fruits should be flexibly controlled according to the size and strength of the tree. Master the principle of leaving less on the bottom, more on the top, less on the inner chamber and more on the outside. A few more fruits can be left in the fruitful branches.

Fifth, bagging

Bagging is beneficial to improve the quality of fruit, reduce the residual pollution of pesticides and control the harm of diseases and insect pests, so bagging must be done in time. Varieties without hard-core physiological fruit drop, such as Hujing Honeydew and Xinfeng Honeydew, can be bagged after May 15; White Flower, Datuan Honeydew and other white flower varieties should be bagged after May 25, but all must be bagged with medicine.

Post-flowering management of peach trees

1. Watering and spraying after flowering. First, Xiehua should be watered half a month later. This time, watering should be late rather than early. Watering early is easy to cause fruit drop. Second, Xiehua two weeks later to spray, focusing on the prevention and control of aphids, this period is the rapid breeding period of aphids, poor control is easy to cause disasters, spraying acetamiprid is more effective. If the red spider is not controlled in the early stage, it can be sprayed once after the wheat harvest (avermectin). After the rainy season and for a period of time after the rainy season, leaf miner damage will occur in some peach orchards, which should be controlled according to the situation of their own orchards.

2. Fruit thinning and bagging. Fruit thinning is usually carried out from the end of natural fruit drop to the hard core period. The amount of fruit retained should be determined according to the age, tree potential and soil conditions of peach trees, and the general yield per mu is about 2500 kg. Choose a paper bag to cover the bag. because the peach fruit is larger, you should choose a larger paper bag. Bagging should be carried out 3-5 days before fruit harvest. Bagging can not only improve the appearance quality of fruit, but also effectively prevent the harm of drillworms, beetles, birds and hailstones.

3. Topdressing before fruit ripening. 5-30 days before peach fruit ripening, it is a period of rapid growth, which requires a large amount of fertilizer and water supply. Topdressing and watering during this period not only increased the yield, but also improved the quality. Peach trees are potassium-loving fruit trees, biological potash fertilizer should be the first choice, followed by potassium sulfate.

4. Summer pruning. The peach tree generally chooses the happy shape and leaves the fruit branch group on the three main branches. The fruiting habit of peach tree is that the top of the tree bears good fruit, so when pruning, the upper middle of the main branch should leave more fruiting branches, fruiting branches and more fruit. In summer pruning, paclobutrazol can be sprayed instead of coring, especially in early July, spraying 100 times paclobutrazol on young trees is very effective. If PBO is used instead of paclobutrazol and sprayed twice, it can also prevent frost injury (peach tree rot is usually caused by frost injury) and cowbud prevention.