Management technology of early spring grape

In early spring management, generally speaking, five tasks should be done well:

1. Clearing the garden well, combined with winter pruning and cutting off the branches with insect pests, can reduce the damage of carbon gangrene, black pox, vine cutting and branch overwintering pests. A clear garden combined with winter shears can thoroughly remove trees, rows, diseased fruits, fallen leaves and weeds, which is effective in preventing white rot, black rot, downy mildew, brown spot and so on.

2. after watering the orchards in the north of China, for the orchards with dry, windy and bad soil moisture in early spring, we should water them once after Rain Water in the first month. The Spring Equinox, who came down before topdressing base fertilizer, irrigated bud water again around February 20 of the lunar calendar, applying 15 kg of urea or 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, mid-ploughing, weeding and loosening soil, and increasing ground temperature can make the new shoots grow faster.

3. If you want to control the occurrence of any kind of diseases and insect pests, there are two key points: one is to resolutely implement the principle of giving priority to prevention, before sprouting to leaf expansion, prevention objectives: black pox, white rot, carbon gangrene, downy mildew, powdery mildew, time is critical in the cashmere stage of grape sprouting, spray 5 Bomedo stone flow mixture once, spray the scope of spraying, in addition to branches, trunk, but also spray the ground. Especially on the surface of the soil under the tree, this spray can eradicate a variety of overwintering diseases and insect pests and lay a good foundation for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the whole grape growing season.

4. To wipe the buds once is the first task to adjust the nutrition of the tree. There are many bud eyes of grape sprouting in early spring, in order not to waste the nutrition of the tree, so when the bud grows 1-2cm, each bud eye leaves a full, large and flat main bud, and the rest is wiped out for 1 Mel for 3 times.

5. After sprouting, the key is to achieve two points: the second is to focus on pre-anthesis and post-anthesis prevention, which can play a role of twice the effort. 10ppm gibberellic acid is sprayed before flowering and spraying gibberellic acid after sprouting, which speeds up the new shoots obviously and has the same effect on inflorescence. The varieties with tight ears can prolong the fruit axis and loose the ear after application, which can make the fruit axis lengthen and the ear become loose in the third and fourth leaf stage. Spray 25% difenoconazole Ee3500 (or 20% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 3000 times liquid), 2.5% cyhalothrin 2000 times liquid, 300x liquid urea, 500x liquid manganese fertilizer, 600x liquid potassium, 600x liquid peptide protein, this spray to prevent the eradication of various pathogens and pests that just sprouted after overwintering, focusing on the prevention of white rot, anthracnose, black pox, ear axis brown blight, black rot, green bug bug, spotted wax cicada and so on.

Manage before flowering, do a good job in six tasks from leaf spreading to flowering:

1. Setting branches early, in order to save the nutrition of the tree, when the new shoots grow to 20-40cm, choose the new shoots with thick flower spikes, cut off the weak branches, only long branches and overdense developed branches, that is, the branches without flowering spikes, so that the growth of new shoots is balanced, and generally only one fruit ear is left in a fruiting mother branch. In order to prevent downy mildew, carbon gangrene, white rot and black pox, mancozeb can be sprayed with 500 / 800 times liquid, with emphasis on spraying new shoots and spikes. Mancozeb zinc and manganese ions can be absorbed by grapes as trace elements, which is beneficial to the growth of grapes. Spraying with foliar fertilizer 200 times liquid urea, 300 times liquid zinc sulfate, 500 times liquid manganese fertilizer, 500 times liquid potassium, 500 times liquid peptide protein.

2. Tie up the branches and vines. When the new shoots grow to 40-50cm, the new shoots should be tied immediately to prevent the wind from breaking. When binding the new shoots, the branches should be evenly distributed on the shelf surface, and the general branch spacing should be kept around 20cm. The time of applying base fertilizer to the house good fruit trees will play a good role in promoting the growth of fruit trees, the improvement of fruit products and high yield. The first topdressing of base fertilizer should be about April 20 before flowering, 25 kg of N, P and K compound fertilizer, 30kg of Saizhong 28 and 30kg of humic acid should be applied per mu, and irrigated after application.

3. Modify the inflorescence, about seven days before flowering, modify the inflorescence to reduce the number of buds. In order to improve the berry quality, (Hutai No. 8) was adopted to remove the upper part of the ear rachis with 6 spikelets, leaving only the lower spikelets, leaving only 15 color 20 spikelets per spike, that is, leaving 60 color 80 buds.

4. In the treatment of coring and secondary shoots, varieties that are generally easy to drop flowers and fruits (such as Hutai No. 8) should be coring between 5 days before flowering and the first flowering period. the degree of coring is generally appropriate to leave 10 leaves above the inflorescence, the rest of the secondary shoots are all erased, and then when the top winter buds appear, leave 2 color 3 leaves to pick the heart repeatedly.

5. Spraying gibberellic acid and boron, zinc and manganese fertilizer, spraying 10ppm gibberellic acid 3 about seven days before flowering can promote the growth of new shoots and inflorescences, foliar fertilizer with 300x liquid urea, 300x liquid sand, 300x liquid zinc sulfate, 400x liquid manganese fertilizer, 400x liquid potassium, 400x liquid peptide protein, spraying 2rel 3 times every 5m every 7 days can promote flower organ differentiation and overcome grain size.

6. Control diseases and insect pests. In order to prevent downy mildew, powdery mildew, black pox, black rot, ear axis brown blight, gray mildew and white rot 5 days before flowering, you can spray a long-acting multi-functional fungicide 25% pyrimethrin 1500ml 2000 times, add insecticides and acaricides once and add foliar fertilizer with high activity content, green giant energy high calcium, boron, zinc and potassium 600,800 times, 300 times liquid manganese fertilizer, 400 times liquid good potassium. 400-fold liquid peptide protein. In order to reduce the cost, you can refer to the orchard where the condition is not serious last year, or spray 68% Jinlei 800 times liquid, foliar fertilizer green giant energy 500 times liquid, 300 times liquid manganese fertilizer, 400 times liquid good potassium, 400 times liquid peptide protein, focus on eradicating downy mildew, but the prevention effect on other diseases is not as good as 25% pyridamole.