Management techniques and methods of kiwifruit

It is better to choose mountainous areas with convenient transportation, sufficient light, relying on water sources, moderate rainfall, slightly higher humidity, loose and well-ventilated sandy loam or sandy soil, or hilly and mountainous areas rich in humus. After the site is determined, first plan the road, drainage and irrigation system and fertilizer management room, and then plan the ventilation ditch of the planting land.

The main scaffolding methods for kiwifruit planting are: t-shaped frame, hedge frame, tripod frame, greenhouse frame and so on. The flat-roof greenhouse frame is mostly used, the original small diameter tree can be used as living pile on the spot, and some replaceable bamboo dirty can be added, and concrete pile can be used in key parts. The height of the on-site frame is 1.8 meters, and the vertical and horizontal intersection of No. 12 wire is a "well"-shaped network with a distance of about 60 centimeters.

Fertilization: the amount of fertilizer application is determined according to kiwifruit varieties, planned yield and soil fertility. Before planting, fruit wood fertilizer 2.5kg could be applied to each tree in the pothole, and a small amount of multiple fertilizers were used for young trees. After that, it is generally fertilized 3 times a year, once and twice after topdressing.

The base fertilizer, that is, winter fertilizer, was applied after fruit harvest, each plant was treated with organic fertilizer 20kg, and mixed with 1.5kg phosphate fertilizer. The first topdressing was applied after sprouting, N, P and K compound fertilizer 2kg was applied to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruit trees, and the second time before the peak growth period, fruit wood fertilizer or compound fertilizer could be applied. Because the root of kiwifruit is fleshy root, it is necessary to dig a shallow trench far away from the root to apply chemical fertilizer and seal the soil so as not to cause root burning. Irrigation must be carried out after fertilization in the dry season.

Shaping, pruning and fruit thinning: branch shaping depends on the construction mode, and the shelf surface should be fully utilized to make the branches evenly distributed so as to achieve the goal of high yield and high quality. Before pruning, kiwifruit is divided into winter pruning, summer pruning and male plant pruning. Winter shearing was carried out during the period from defoliation to one month before sprouting in early spring. Leave more main vines and fruiting mother branches, and cut off overdense branches.

Thin and weak branches, cross branches and disease and insect branches. Summer shearing is mainly carried out from mid-May to early July to remove sprouting, heart-picking, thinning and binding, timely erase the sprouts on the trunk and arrange the space for the branches. Male plant pruning is carried out after flowering in May-June. There are 4 branches in each plant and 6 buds in each branch. When the new shoot is 1 meter long, it will be coring. Generally, the fruit will be thinned 1 month after flowering. Leave middle fruit, sparse edge fruit, up to 1 fruit for every 4 murine 5 leaves. The general branch leaves 1 fruit for every 20 cm, and the weak branch 20 for 25 cm, 5 for 6. The plant produces 50kg, and 600 fruits should be left.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: diseases harmful to kiwifruit include anthracnose, root-knot nematode, blight, quenching, root rot, fruit soft rot and so on. Among them, anthracnose is harmful not only to stems and leaves, but also to fruits, so it can be controlled by spraying 800-fold carbendazim 3 times during sprouting. For root-knot nematode disease, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened and 30% carbofuran poisonous soil should be used to control the disease.

The main pests of kiwifruit are mulberry shield scale, Penang pectinate shield scale, ground tiger, beetle, leafhopper, fruit-sucking night moth and so on. The overwintering insects of scale insects were controlled with omethoate or quick-culling 1500Mel 2000-fold solution, and the underground pests were mixed well with fried wheat bran and carbofuran at 10:1 and sprinkled on the ground. For beetles, they were sprayed with 1000 times of trichlorfon or malathion in the evening from late March to early April, or pyrethroids were used.

Leafhoppers should be controlled with 1000 times of phoxim EC or fenitrothion. Spodoptera litura occurs in September, when the sugar content of the fruit begins to increase, and it comes out at night to harm the fruit, causing fruit drop or the formation of hard lumps, which can be prevented and controlled by bagging, black light or sugar and vinegar solution (1:1). Or spray 3000 times of Maxiaoli or Baode every 10 times every 15 days, starting in late August until the end of harvest.