Key points of planting techniques and points for attention in Management of Fruit Maize

Land selection: plots with good drainage and irrigation and medium and upper soil fertility should be selected to turn over and rake the soil in the suitable tillage period to make the soil loose. Sowing: sowing in late April, seeds do not need to soak seeds, dry seeds can be used for direct seeding, the emergence rate is higher. Density: about 3500-4000 plants per mu. Fertilization: apply sufficient base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, and apply compound fertilizer before heading. Management: leave two seedlings in each hole during the three-leaf period to get rid of weeds in time. Pest control: mainly against underground pests and rodents.

I. preparation before sowing

1. Land selection: the land should be good in drainage and irrigation, good in uniformity and above average in soil fertility.

2. Set up an isolation zone: non-sweet kernels will be formed because fruit corn is subjected to non-sweet corn flour. Therefore, planting different types of corn in the same land should be isolated, ordinary corn should not be planted within 200 meters around the land of fruit corn, and sweet and super sweet corn should also be 200 meters apart. Time isolation measures can also be taken to stagger the sowing time of different types of corn with similar maturity by 15 to 20 days, so that their florescence will not meet. Fields harvesting sweet corn shoots need not be isolated.

3. Soil preparation: ploughing and raking the soil during the suitable tillage period to make the soil loose. From the border, the bottom of the border is 140 cm (about 4 feet) wide, and the border surface is 110 cm (about 3.5 feet) wide. Dig a drainage ditch 30 cm deep around the field.

4. Seed preparation: dry the seeds in the sun for two days before sowing. Sweet corn seeds need not be soaked, dry seeds should be used for direct seeding, and the emergence rate is high. Improper conditions or methods of seed soaking and accelerating germination will lead to a rapid decrease in germination rate.

5. Prevention and control of underground pests and rodents: sweet corn seeds are vulnerable to underground pests and rodents. When sowing, a small amount of broad-spectrum insecticidal 3% furojia granules are applied to the caves next to the seeds, and its strange odor can prevent underground pests and rodents from eating seeds. Or sprinkle 4 kg per mu of 3% Milol granules on the border.

2. Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Sowing date: generally in late April, plastic film mulching can be used to sow seeds 10-15 days earlier, and film seedling transplanting technology can be used to sow 20 days earlier. The latest sowing date should be before July 10 to ensure that it can be harvested before early frost. Those with heat preservation facilities in early spring can be brought forward appropriately, but sowing between late May and mid-June should be avoided. The flowering and pollination period of corn sown in this period is in the summer drought of July-August, which is easy to cause plant baldness, lack of grain or empty stalk.

2. Planting density: double-row planting area was adopted, each zone was 5 meters long, randomly arranged and repeated three times. The plant spacing is 25 cm, and the planting density is about 3500-4000 plants per mu. Adopt direct seeding method, carry out on-demand sowing, 2-3 grains per hole, cover soil 3 cm (preferably covered with mushroom residue), and maintain 80% field capacity after sowing. Note: the soil cover of sweet corn should be shallow after sowing, because the sweet corn seed is flat, the starch content is low, and the top soil ability is poor.

3. Spraying herbicides: spraying herbicides on the same day after sowing, using 40% atrazine 100 grams plus 48% lasso 150 ml per mu, 100 jin of water, evenly spraying border and ditch surfaces. When spraying, the soil moisture is good to ensure the efficacy of the drug.

4. Sowing method: the sandy loam field with high soil fertility and sufficient fertilizer and water should be selected to cultivate fruit and corn, and the soil should be prepared carefully before sowing. The sowing rate of sweet corn is 1-1.5 kg/667m2. The sowing methods include mechanical sowing, seedling transplanting, plastic film mulching and stage sowing. The planting density is generally controlled at 3000-4000 plants.

III. Field management of fruit and corn

1. Applying sufficient base fertilizer and seed fertilizer: re-application of base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are the key measures for high yield of sweet corn. The base fertilizer is made of 2 tons of farm manure per mu, 50 kilograms of superphosphate and an appropriate amount of water. Before sowing, open two shallow ditches on the border surface, apply mature organic fertilizer strips in the ditch, and then apply compound fertilizer 40 kg per mu as base fertilizer and seed fertilizer for root absorption, cover soil 6 cm, then sow seeds according to plant distance, and then cover soil 4-5 cm.

2. Two seedlings were left in each hole in the three-leaf stage and in the early stage.

3. Set the seedlings in time at the five-leaf stage, leave one plant in each hole, loosen the soil by shallow ploughing, and then topdressing, applying 10 kg urea per mu to cultivate the soil. Sweet corn seedling stage is more resistant to drought, but afraid of waterlogging, flooding overnight can die seedlings, should be timely drainage. The five-leaf stage is the period that determines the total number of leaves, and water and fertilizer can increase the total number of leaves. The root oxygen demand of fruit corn is large, which requires loose soil and good ventilation. Timely ploughing and loosening soil at seedling stage and small soil cultivation are important measures to promote root system extension to depth.

4. The expansion of leaves 7-8 is the differentiation period of male and female growth cones, also known as big trumpet mouth stage or booting stage, should be ploughed in time to loosen the soil, and then topdressing, applying 20 kg compound fertilizer and 15 kg potassium chloride per mu to cultivate soil. This growth stage is the period that determines the ear size and the number of rows per spike. Sufficient water, fertilizer and light can promote the normal development of pollen grains, increase the number of spikelets, reduce the degenerated spikelets at the top, and increase the area of functional leaves above the ear position. The requirement of water in this stage is more than that in the seedling stage, and the suitable soil water content is 70-80% of that in the field, so it should be irrigated and drained in time.

5. Before heading, 20 kg of compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu to prevent lodging and pressing grass. The female spike filaments are usually drawn out 1-2 days after the male flowers begin to pollinate. If the moisture is too large or dry, or the temperature is too high, or if the planting is too dense, the silking will be delayed, and the pollination will be affected if the delay is too long. Milk stage is the main period to increase grain weight, potassium fertilizer can also increase the moderate application of nitrogen fertilizer; phosphorus deficiency will lead to bald tip, phosphorus is mainly supplied by base fertilizer. The male flowering stage is the sensitive period of sweet corn to water, which requires the soil water content to reach 80% of the field capacity, which is the period with the most water demand in the life. "the flowering stage is dry, the yield is reduced by half," and even the male flowers can not be drawn out. Sufficient water in the male stage is very important for high yield.

IV. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main results are as follows: 1. Poor management, many grasses, weak plants, continuous cropping or Rain Water sweet corn is easy to be infected with large and small spot disease, the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can enhance plant disease resistance.

2. Spraying 2-3 times at the initial stage of leaf spot disease, every 7 days, the commonly used medicine has 50% carbendazim 500x liquid, 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times liquid, 90% mancozeb solution 1000 times, spraying 100,150kg liquid per mu.

3. Sheath blight is the same as rice sheath blight. Planting sweet corn in rice fields can infect the disease. Chemical control should be done by adding 100 kg of water per mu with Daojiaoqing or Daoning 2 per mu, or with 500 grams of Jinggangmycin of 1% plus 200 kg of water and spraying coarse spray on the lower part of the plant.

4. For armyworm control, 2.5% trichlorfon powder can be sprayed with 4-5 jin per mu, and the insecticidal effect is good; or 1000-1500 times liquid of 90% trichlorfon or 50% dichlorvos is sprayed with 100kg per mu.

5. Corn borer control can be used granule Saxin leaf, with 3% Milol granule scattered on the heart leaf, the effect is long, the effect is good. Or it is better to use 1 part of Beauveria bassiana powder containing 50-10 billion spores per gram to make 10-20 times granules and spread them on the heart leaves. Or use 1 jin of stem fungus powder containing more than 10 billion spores per gram, add water of 750kg to 1000 kg, infuse heart leaves, and have a good effect on killing borer.

6. The pest control measures of heart-filling leaves or heart-filling leaves should be carried out at the stage of big trumpet mouth. The insect pests on the filaments of the female ear are serious, and the biological insecticide B.T emulsion or Shachongshuang or Batan or Dagong can be used to control the withered filaments.

7. 40% dimethoate or 50-80% dichlorvos emulsion 1500-2000 times or 50% aphid fog 20-30 grams per mu can be used for aphid control.

5. harvest fresh ears at the right time

1. The green buds on the market are the ears of fruit and corn from the end of milk ripening to wax ripening, and the index of the best harvest time is that the grain contains 70% moisture, which has high sweetness and good flavor.

2. There are more thick dregs in the late harvest, and the sweetness decreases. The fresh ears harvested should be processed in time and should not be placed overnight, otherwise the sweetness will decrease and the flavor will be poor.

3. Fresh fruit ears can be kept in cold storage for a long time after quick freezing and can be supplied to the market out of season.

VI. Crop rotation and stubble

1. Continuous cropping of fruit and corn is not suitable.

2. Reasonable crop rotation can reduce diseases and insect pests, reduce grass famine and restore soil fertility.