Cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae

Honeysuckle has strong adaptability, and the choice of soil and climate is not strict, and the sandy loam with thicker soil layer is the best. Hillsides, terraces, Weirs, dams and barren hills can all be cultivated. Propagation can be done by sowing, cuttings and root splitting. Bud and blossom on the new branch of the year. Soil requirements are not strict, acidic, saline-alkali soil can grow. With developed roots and strong rooting ability, it is a good soil-fixing and water-conserving plant, which can be planted on hillsides and river embankments, so the agricultural proverb says: "waterlogged crops, dry grass, frozen pomegranates and sunburned melons will not affect honeysuckle."

Seed propagation

Sow the seeds in April, soak the seeds in 35-40 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, remove 2-3 times wet sand to promote germination, and sow seeds when the crack reaches about 30%. Sow seeds in trenches on the border according to row spacing 21~22cm, cover soil with 1cm, spray water once every 2 days, seedling can emerge in more than 10 days, transplant after autumn or spring of the second year, and seed 15kg is used every 1 hour.

Cuttage propagation

It usually takes place in the rainy season. In the overcast and rainy weather in summer and autumn, the sturdy 1-2-year-old branches without diseases and insect pests were cut into 30~35cm, and the lower leaves were cut off as cuttings. On the selected land, the hole was dug according to the row spacing of 1.6m and the plant spacing of 1.5m, the hole depth was 16~18cm, each hole had 5-6 cuttings, scattered oblique standing buried in the soil, 7~10cm was exposed on the ground, and the fill was compacted (the sandy soil with good air permeability and water permeability is better).

The cutting branches should pay attention to shade before taking root, so as to avoid the branches drying up caused by direct sunlight. Cuttings can also be used to raise seedlings; from July to August, according to row spacing 23~26cm, trenching, deep 16cm or so, plant spacing 2cm, the cuttings are placed obliquely in the ditch, filled and compacted, and the sandy soil with good permeability and water permeability is used as seedling soil, which is the fastest to root and is not easy to be attacked by bacteria and cause branch rot. Spray water after planting, and then water it every 2 days when it is drought. it can take root in about half a month, and transplant in spring or autumn of the second year.

Shaping and pruning

Pruning is carried out after falling leaves in autumn to before sprouting in spring, generally light pruning of strong branches, strong pruning of weak branches, and pruning of all branches. when pruning, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission after the new branches grow. The thin and weak branches, withered old branches and basal branches are all cut off, and the pruning of the plots with poor fertilizer and water conditions is heavier, and the old branches are cut off with the aging of the plant to promote the development of new branches. The young plants are mainly cultured plant type, which should be cut lightly. There are generally 4-5 trunk branches in mountain land and 1-2 trunk branches in plain land, and the trunk should be cut off slightly to make it thicker and upright.

Plastic surgery is combined with pruning, in principle, based on fertilizer and water management, promote as a whole, make full use of space, increase the amount of branches and leaves, make the plant type more reasonable, and can obviously increase flower and high yield. The flowering time after pruning is relatively concentrated, which is convenient for harvest and processing. Generally, the branches can be upright after pruning, and the removal of thin and weak branches and basal branches is beneficial to the formation of new flowers. After picking flowers, cut them again, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once after cutting, and irrigate them once to promote the next crop flowers to bloom early. In this way, flowers can be harvested four times a year, with an average yield of dried flowers 150~200kg per 667m2.

Field management

Topdressing: during the first 1-2 years after planting, honeysuckle plants are developed and stereotyped, with more fertilizers such as human and animal dung, plant ash, urea, potassium sulfate and so on. After planting for 2 to 3 years, more fertilizers such as livestock manure, barnyard manure, cake fertilizer and calcium superphosphate should be applied at the beginning of spring every year. Appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied after the first crop flower harvest to provide sufficient nutrients for the next crop flower. After sprouting in early spring and when the first batch of flowers are harvested, open-loop ditches are poured with human dung, urine, chemical fertilizer and so on. When 250 g of each fertilizer was applied, the promoting effect of fertilization treatment on the vegetative growth of Flos Lonicerae was in the following order: urea + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, urea, ammonium bicarbonate. Among them, urea + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and urea can significantly increase the yield of honeysuckle, combined with vegetative growth, reproductive growth and fertilization cost. Topdressing urea + ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (150g+100g) or 250g potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is better.

Harvest and processing

The best time to harvest honeysuckle is in the early morning and in the morning, when it is not easy to harvest buds.

The morphology of honeysuckle

Full of nutrients, strong smell and good color. The harvest in the afternoon should end before sunset, because the blooming of honeysuckle is restricted by light, and the mature buds will open when the sun lags behind, affecting the quality. Without young buds or leaves, put them in a basket woven with strips or bamboo after harvest. Do not pile them in large piles when concentrated. They should be laid out and placed for no more than 4 hours at most.

The best commodity of honeysuckle is flower bud, and the quality of those mixed with open flowers or stem leaves is inferior. It is better for the buds to be enlarged, bluish-white and clean. Harvest in May and June, pick the flower buds when the dew is dry on a sunny morning, and place them in the Reed mat, stone shed or on the field to dry or ventilate in the shade, and it is better to dry within 1-2 days. Do not turn when drying the flowers, otherwise the color of the flowers will turn black and the quality will be reduced to 90% of the dry, and the impurities in the branches and leaves can be removed. Avoid exposure in the hot sun. In cloudy days, it can be dried by light fire, but the color of the flower is darker, so it is better to dry in the sun or in the shade.

Pest control

Brown spot disease

Leaf diseases are common, resulting in plant growth weakness.

Introduction to Brown spot of Flos Lonicerae

Most of the disease occurred in the later stage of growth, and the disease was serious from August to September, which was serious under rainy and humid conditions. Brown dots were formed on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and then enlarged into brown round or irregular spots. There is a gray-black mildew on the back of the disease spot, which can make the leaves fall off when the disease is serious. Control method: cut off the diseased leaves, then spray with Bordeaux solution in the proportion of 1: 1.5 / 200 Bordeaux, once every 7 days, 2 times in a row; or use 65% Dysen zinc 500 times dilution or topiramate 1000 times 1500 times dilution, once every 7 days, 2 times in a row.

Powdery mildew

Under warm, dry or shady conditions, the disease was serious, and if the nitrogen application was too much, the plant was dense and the disease was serious. At the initial stage of the disease, white dots were produced on the leaves, and then gradually expanded into white powder spots, which continued to spread all over the leaves, causing leaves to yellowing, wrinkling and deformation, and finally causing falling flowers, fallen leaves and branches to dry up. Control methods: clear the garden to deal with diseased and residual plants; spray with 1000 times of 50% topiramate or BO-10 biological spray during the occurrence period.

Aphids

It harms leaves and twigs, causes leaves and buds to curl, growth stops, and yield decreases sharply. The insect situation was serious from April to June, and it spread more rapidly before and after "the Beginning of Summer", especially in cloudy and rainy days. Control method: spray with 40% dimethoate 1000-1500 times diluent or aphid pine 1000-1500 times diluent, several times in a row, until killed.

Inchworm

The larvae after stubble flowers nibbled at the leaves, resulting in a decrease in yield. Control method: after spring, dig the soil within 1 meter around the plant to kill the pupa. At the initial stage of larval occurrence, spray 2.5% fish rattan essential oil 400% 600 times, or kill with dichlorvos, trichlorfon, etc., but stop spraying during flowering.

Anthrax

The disease spot of the leaf is nearly round, and the leaf is covered with orange-red spot-like sticky material when it is wet. Prevention and treatment methods: remove the diseased leaves of the residual plants and burn them centrally; soak the seeds with Bordeaux solution for 5 minutes for 10 minutes before transplanting; spray 65% zinc 500 times or 50% acetaminophen 800 times 1000 times during the disease period.

Longicorn beetle

After the plant was damaged, it gradually aged, withered and even died. Control method: when the adult is unearthed, the flower stump is infused with 1000 times liquid of 80% trichlorfon. In the peak spawning period, spray 90% trichlorfon crystal 800 once in 7-10 days. 1000 times the liquid; if wormholes are found, cut off and burn them; if there are wormholes, stuff them with cotton wool soaked in the original solution of dichlorvos, seal them with soil and poison the larvae.