New planting Technology of Chinese Chestnut

I. Fertilizer and Water Management of Chestnut soil

(1) soil management the chestnut orchard should be ploughed deeply from harvest to defoliation in autumn. the suitable depth should be 60-80cm, and the root system should be damaged as little as possible. Separate the topsoil from the core soil, mix the topsoil and organic fertilizer (turf, litter) into the bottom layer, and fill the core soil in the upper layer. The times of weeding and weeding should not be less than 3 times a year, and the suitable depth of ploughing should be 15 to 25 centimeters, combined with ploughing and pressing green manure. The tree plate is covered with grass, with a thickness of 20 centimeters, and a little soil is pressed on it. In autumn, it is turned into the tree plate and buried in the ground. Plastic film mulching was applied to the dry chestnut orchard without water.

(2) fertilization

① base fertilizer: mainly farm manure, should be applied from late September to early October, supplemented by an appropriate amount of yuan machine fertilizer. At the periphery of the canopy, the young trees should dig a circular trench with a width of 30cm and a depth of 20cm. The big tree should be applied with a radial trench with a width of 30cm and 40cm. The depth should be different near the trunk, and it should be deepened outward, digging 480 radial ditches. Farm manure is generally not less than 50 kg / tree for 15-year-old chestnut and 150 kg / plant for 25-year-old chestnut. ② topdressing was carried out twice a year. For the first time, before sprouting (from the end of March to mid-April), urea was the main component. 5 ~ 1.5 kg per tree, 2 ~ 5 kg per adult tree. The second time in the fruit expansion period (July-August rainy season), topdressing compound fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer is the same as the first time.

③ extra-root fertilization: foliar fertilizer can be used with pesticides? Kun Pun. Spray o. 25% ~ 0.3% urea in mid-late May and 0. 3% spray in mid-late June. 5% urea, spray 0. 3% ~ 0.5% urea in early July. After the first ten days of July, spray 0. 1% 0 every 15 days. 3% dihydrogen phosphate bait until early September.

(3) Deep ploughing is carried out before the arrival of the rainy season in the orchard, and horizontal anti-scour ditches are dug at the same time to block more precipitation in the chestnut orchard.

2. Techniques for promoting the formation of female flowers

Three weeks before germination of Chinese chestnut is the morphological differentiation period of female flowers, and watering can meet the water demand of trees before germination in early spring. The number of female flowers can be increased by spraying 0.1% dihydrogen phosphate bait once when the basal leaves are just unfolded from yellow to green. When the male inflorescence is 1-2 cm long, the male flowers are removed except for 5 male flowers at the top of the new shoot. The female flowers can be increased by more than 20% after the removal of male flowers. When the new shoot grows to about 30 cm, remove the top bud of the branch, and then pick the heart once for every 20 cm, the last time can be in late August, a big bud can be formed under the wheel mark, cut to the wheel mark in winter, and the big bud can be branched and bear fruit in the following year.

III. Techniques for improving seed setting rate

(1) watering at flowering stage can increase the fruit setting rate.

(2) the varieties with large grains, good quality, early maturity and high affinity are selected by artificial pollination as pollination trees. The male inflorescence is picked when the male inflorescence changes from green to yellow, and it is better to pick it before 8: 00. spread the male inflorescence on glossy paper and place it in a dry, ventilated and dusty place. Turn it twice a day, and pollen will come out after 24 hours. When the multifid stigma of the three female flowers in the involucre protrudes to reverse curl and yellowing, it can be pollinated with an eraser pencil.

Fourth, the technology of increasing the quality of single grain.

The weeds on the edge of the ground are harvested in summer. Cover the tree plate with a thickness of not less than 10 cm and press it with soil spots. From June to August, organic fertilizer was applied to tears plus chemical fertilizer, and 3000 kg organic fertilizer was applied to 1 mu (667m 2) chestnut garden. During the pre-harvest watering from late August to early September, the weight gain of chestnut should be the fastest in the later stage, especially 10 days before harvest, and should be harvested in time.