New technology of betel nut planting

Betel nut, also known as Hiroko, Dabai, Lang Yu, Betelnut, GE language, belongs to the genus II of Palmaceae. Champagne coconut has the effect of repelling insects, breaking stagnation in the chest, eliminating phlegm, eliminating edema and accumulation. The big belly skin (betel nut exocarp) has the functions of qi, water conservancy urine and so on. It is cultivated in Fujian, southern Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan Island and southern Yunnan.

I. Propagation methods

Raise seedlings with seeds and cut them. The nursery land should choose fertile sandy loam with sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and shade of forest. After ploughing, spread soil compost, take fertilizer, and smooth and fine, so that the fertilizer soil is mixed evenly, open holes according to the row spacing of seedling plants, and then apply base fertilizer to concentrate fertilizer.

(1) 15-25 years with short trunk nodes, little difference in stem base and stem thickness, and those who are tall and sturdy, thick green leaves and concentrated fruits are selected as the mother trees. When the fruit is fully ripe, choose the big fruit, golden yellow and yuan spots as seeds. When picking the fruit, a net is opened under the tree, and the picked fruit should be treated with budding immediately.

(2) stir-fry and promote budding to dig a pit 30 cm deep in the shade, spread a layer of sand at the bottom of the pit after pouring water, then spread a layer of fruit (pedicel up), add a layer of sand (about 9 cm thick), stack 1-2 layers of straw, often pay attention to watering to maintain humidity, half a month later can produce rice grain-like white buds, then take out and raise seedlings.

(3) Seedling and nursery bed management open holes according to the plant row spacing of 30 cm, each hole horizontally put 1 or 2 fruits, covered with soil until no fruit is found. Within 10 days after sowing, water should be drenched once a day, fertilization should be applied once when the unearthed leaflets of the seedlings are unearthed, and then the soil should be covered with soil along the root. Set up a shade shed properly to avoid sun exposure, weed and fertilize 2 or 3 times a year, and pay attention to water and soil cultivation. When the seedling age is 1-2 years old, it is 30-60 cm high and the stem base is slightly fat, it can be planted with soil.

II. Colonization

On the selected ground two months before planting, the hole was opened first according to the row spacing of 240 cm X 300 cm (4.5 m X 6 m intercropping with pepper), 60 cm wide and 45 cm deep to make the soil weathered. When planting, choose cloudy days to fill the topsoil into the pit, and apply sufficient base fertilizer, plant the strong seedlings dug up with soil on that day in the pit, about 15 centimeters above the ground, cover the soil and compact. After planting, cut off half of the unfolded leaves, insert twigs around according to the intensity of the sun, properly water them every day, and grow new leaves until they survive, so as to reduce the number of watering.

III. Woodland management

After the plant survived, it should be ploughed, weeded and fertilized 2 or 3 times a year. Fertilization should be from April to September, digging ring holes at 15cm to 20cm of the root, and then covering the soil. For adult trees, human feces and urine or nitrogen fertilizer were applied once before the bud appeared, and phosphorus bait fertilizer was applied once in the peak fruiting period, such as calcium superphosphate, plant ash or compost.

Plant some short and shade-tolerant crops, such as legumes, peppers, vegetables or other fruits and medicines.

IV. Harvesting and processing

The fruit began to bear fruit 7 ~ 8 years after transplantation, and the fruit could be harvested when the fruit was yellow ripe from April to May every year.

Then cut the pericarp with a knife, peel it off, and dry the seed and pericarp respectively. The seed is the betel (nut jade), and the pericarp is the belly skin, which is sold in separate packages and used in medicine.