New techniques for planting macadamia nuts

Macadamia nuts belong to the genus macadamia of mountain dragon ophthalmology. Smooth-shelled and coarse-shelled macadamia nuts are two edible species of macadamia. Macadamia nut is an evergreen tree, which blossoms and bears fruit every year after it is put into production, and its economic life is long (40 ~ 60 years). The oil content of the nut is about 70%, the protein is about 9%, the seed shell is hard, it is very resistant to storage and transportation, and the yield per mu is more than 4000 yuan.

I. selection of sites

The planting area should be in the area without strong wind and typhoon, the soil is loose and the drainage is good, pH4~6, pH5.5 is the best. When planting, open good drainage ditches to prevent flooding on rainy days.

II. Land preparation

Flat orchards should be turned into prosperity, and drainage and irrigation ditches and planting pits should be dug well. If pit planting is adopted for zonal reclamation or contour terrace in mountainous area, the pit will be enlarged year by year after planting and the soil will be improved with green fertilization. The planting specification is 5 m x 7 m or 4.5 m x 8 m. The planting pit should be dug one month before returning to the pit, so that the pit has enough time for weathering, organic fertilizer, weeds and compost are fully soaked, and the soil of the planting pit is settled after returning to the pit.

III. Variety selection

90 and Ownchoice showed prematurity, high yield and high quality, so several varieties should be mixed when planting.

IV. Colonization

When planting, first put a small amount of mature organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (0.1 kg) in each prepared planting pit and evenly with the upper soil stick of the mound, then dig a small hole in the middle of the mound according to the size of the mound, unlock the packing bag (nutrition bag) of the seedling, put the seedlings into the planting hole, and return to the soil. After returning to the soil, cover the soil around the seedlings to form a deep saucer-shaped tree plate about 1 meter in diameter, and cover the tree plate with weeds, and finally drench with fixed root water, each tree is drenched with 20-30 kg. Within 1 month after planting, if there is no heavy rain, drench once every 3 days.

5. Fertilization

Macadamia nut fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by Yuanji chemical fertilizer.

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6. Pruning

When cutting off the branches of the 2-year-old trees, the tree structure was trimmed and cultured at the age of 3-5 years old. Pruning can be done 2 or 3 times a year, and the amount of pruning of branches and leaves should not exceed 1 / 3 of the plant. Do not cut off the lateral branches of the backbone and the weak branches on all levels of branches. After entering the fruiting period, there is little need to do too much pruning. After the orchard is closed, the lateral branches are cut off or shrunk in a planned way.

7. Weeding, interplanting and mulching

(1) weeds shoveled by weeding can be used to press green for fertilizer or to cover tree plates to retain water.

(2) interplanting and interplanting forage grasses, mainly leguminous varieties. Intercropping crops can be dwarf; or creeping crops, such as peanuts, soybeans, sweet potatoes, melons and so on. Intercropping crops should be rotated rather than continuous cropping, should be as high as possible, and should be planted beyond the dripping line of the canopy. In the → year when fruit trees are planted, intercropping crops should also be planted outside the tree plate. When planting creeping crops such as sweet potatoes and melons, we should also prevent vines from climbing on the plants.

(3) to cover within the dripping line of the plant crown, and the mulch can be covered with weeds and plants.

Defoliation of plants, straw scales for interplanting crops, etc.

8. Paint white for the winter

Cold resistance is relatively stable, combined with disease prevention and insect prevention of white tree trunks in winter.

IX. Harvest

Manual picking is usually carried out in mid-late September without falling off. The fruit of early flower ripens and falls off sporadically in mid-July, so it should be picked up in time. The seeds without husks are dried at room temperature below 40 ℃ for 2 weeks, so that the water content is reduced to about 6%, and then the seeds are dried at a high temperature of 60 to 70 ℃ until the water content is less than 1.2%.