Planting techniques of Ginseng

Ginseng, also known as yellow ginseng, goblins, divine grass, the king of grass, is one of the famous "three treasures of the northeast". Let's take a look at the culture techniques of ginseng.

Growing environment

Ginseng grows under the climatic conditions of average temperature of-23-5 ℃ in January and 20-26 ℃ in July. It has strong cold resistance and can withstand low temperature of-40 ℃. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-25 ℃. Generally grow in the climatic conditions of annual accumulated temperature of 2000-3000 ℃, frost-free period of 125-150d, snow cover of 20-44cm, annual precipitation of 500mm-1000 mm, ginseng likes cold, cool and humid climate. Like oblique and diffuse light, avoid strong light and high temperature. The soil is required to be brown forest soil with good drainage, loose, fertile, deep humus layer or mountain ash brown forest soil, and the pH value of soil is 5.5-6.2.

Reproduction method

Sowing seeds

Seed sowing is the main method used in production, either seedling transplanting or direct seeding. Protected cultivation can be sown all year round. Cultivated in solar greenhouse in Beijing, the seeds can be sowed immediately after the seeds are harvested in early autumn, and the seedlings can emerge about 10 days after sowing. Spring planting is more suitable for open field cultivation. Seedlings are raised in greenhouse in early spring, transplanted in the open field after frost, or direct seeded in the open field from late April to May. The seeds of soil ginseng are very small, and it is better to raise seedlings and transplant. at the same time, the land border sown must be carefully cultivated and raked, the soil should be fine, and the surface of the border should be smooth.

Ramet

This method is seldom used in production. The survival rate is higher in the mild climate season in spring, so the branches on the mother plant are cultivated before splitting to promote the division of a single plant after rooting, but it is not easy to survive without roots.

Cuttage

Softwood cutting and open field cutting should be carried out in spring, and it is more suitable in greenhouse when the temperature is 20-30 ℃. Cutting materials to choose robust branches, about 6-8 cm long, with 2 pairs of leaves, cut at about 0.5 cm below the leaf nodes, moisturizing and ready-to-cut. The seedbed soil should use plain sand, or perlite, without fertilizer, according to the row spacing of 5-10 cm, plant spacing of 5 cm, first insert a small hole with bamboo branches and then insert the cuttings, the depth of the soil is about 1 × 3 of the cuttings, or 2 × 3 oblique into the soil. Watering after cutting, properly covering shading, keeping warm and moisturizing, but not too much moisture. Clear water cuttings. Cuttings length to about 7 cm is the most suitable, cuttings intercepted, placed in the shade for 1-2 days, so that the incision healed, and then inserted in clean water, immersion depth of 2-3 cm, at about 28 ℃ temperature, 2 days to grow more than 1 cm long white root, that is, the long root cuttings transplanted in plain sand soil, growth and reproduction is faster than direct cutting in the soil, the survival rate is high.

Cultivation techniques

Habit

Like cold, humid climate, direct exposure to strong light, strong cold resistance. The seeds can be stored in the shade and dry, and the seed embryos have the characteristics of morphological post-ripening and physiological post-ripening, the former requires a temperature change of 20-10 ℃, the latter requires a low temperature of 2-4 ℃, each takes 3-4 months, and the seeds can not germinate without completion of post-ripening. It should be cultivated in sandy loam and humus loam which is rich in organic matter and good permeability, and continuous cropping is avoided.

Sowing seeds

Before sowing, the soil was prepared to make beds, 23-33 li high, 126-133 cm wide, and 2-2.66 cm between borders.

Use sowing, 0.5 grams per square centimeter, after sowing, cover the soil 3-4 centimeters, often keep the soil moist, about early May emergence.

Spring sowing is sown in the first and middle of April.

Summer sowing is sown immediately when the fruit is ripe from July to August.

Autumn sowing sows seeds in November.

Sprout

One seed was mixed with three parts of river sand, and the soil surface was sprayed with 600-800 times liquid of new high fat film to improve the seedling emergence rate. Immediately put it in a budding box and put it in an appropriate place indoors or outdoors to promote germination, pay attention to check the overturning frequently, and control the temperature and temperature to sow seeds. Jilin Fusong usually sows dry seeds in late June (dry seeds were harvested last year).

Transplant

Spring planting in mid and late April is suitable for planting before overwintering buds germinate.

Autumn planting in mid-late October should be finished before the soil is frozen.

Climatic distance

Before emergence, the front eaves should be 100-133 cm high and the back eaves 66-100 cm high for shading. With, with planting, generally according to the row spacing (15-30) × (6-12) cm, flat or oblique planting, covering soil 5-9 cm. The types of shade sheds can be divided into full shade sheds, transparent sheds, single transparent sheds or double transparent greenhouses, which can be selected according to climate, soil quality and topographic conditions.

Field management

Cover the border, after emergence, cover with crushed straw or semi-rotten leaves.

Loosening soil and weeding is generally carried out 3-5 times a year to prevent soil hardening, eliminate weeds and disease plants, and cultivate soil to support seedlings.

Topdressing and applying organic fertilizer to the root side of the trench.

Thinning flowers and picking buds, leaving seeds in the field, thinning the buds in the middle of the inflorescence at the early stage of flowering, and in the production field, all buds were picked before flowering.

Overwintering against cold, cultivate soil or cover fallen leaves on the border before freezing, 5-15 cm thick. Set up wind barriers at the ginseng border four wealth or tuyere to prevent frost damage.

Matters needing attention

After soil preparation and planting, the soil surface was sprayed with new high-fat film to isolate the source of diseases and insect pests and improve the emergence rate. After emergence, loose soil weeding to eliminate weeds and diseased plants, soil topdressing, thinning flowers and picking buds sprayed on the leaf surface of the rhizome to expand rapidly, the medicinal content was greatly increased. Strengthen the comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests and spray new high-fat film to enhance the control effect. During the growth period, there are spot disease, blight and anthracnose, which can be controlled by Bordeaux liquid spray.

The rhizome of ginseng is short, erect or oblique under short-term cultivation. For wild ginseng, which has been growing for a long time, according to a survey conducted by Xiao Bacon in Northeast China, the main root with the first batch of leaves grows vertically, but after the third batch of leaves, the main root mostly grows horizontally, and its rhizome lengthens accordingly, which is also horizontal. This is mainly because the root growth is affected by the thickness of soil humus layer, so its growth direction will also change.