Cultivation techniques of edamame bean

Early maturing edamame bean, also known as "spring green" edamame bean, is a kind of edible edamame bean. It belongs to a new variety of edamame bean; it belongs to infinite pod type. The main characteristics are early maturity, high yield and high quality. The whole growth period of spring sowing is 80 days, which is a precocious variety, which matures 15 days earlier than the Taiwanese variety "75-1". The yield is 12.6% higher and the quality is superior. The bean grain has high sweetness, good palatability, crisp when cooked and good taste. As a market-grabbing vegetable in early spring, it is an ideal economic crop for planting intercropping crops and other multi-cropping crops in large and medium-sized sheds, small ring sheds, 1-2-year-old new orchards and other multi-cropping crops. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

Sowing time

The sowing time of edamame bean varies with different cultivation purposes and varieties. The Yangtze River basin can be divided into two types: early edamame bean and middle and late edamame bean, and there are early maturing cultivation and common cultivation in early edamame bean.

The main results are as follows: (1) early maturing cultivation generally uses cold bed to raise seedlings from late February to early March, planting in late March, harvesting young pods from June to July, using April white and May white, and May white or May black for direct seeding in the first and middle of April.

(2) the mid-late mature seeds planted in summer were direct seeded from late April to mid-May and harvested from July to August, using June white or June yellow. On the other hand, the late ripening cultivation in autumn is direct seeded from June to July and harvested from September to late October. Autumn sowing in South China can be postponed to July-August and harvest from September to November. Such as August White and Hangzhou five-spiced edamame beans.

In the southern region, according to the characteristics of different varieties, early, middle and late maturing varieties are selected to match each other, which can realize the production of spring, summer and autumn and prolong the supply period. Timely sowing in order to make edamame balanced supply to the market, it is necessary to sow seeds in batches and harvest in batches so as to improve economic benefits. As for dividing into several batches, how long the sowing interval is, it should be flexibly mastered and scientifically arranged depending on the planting area, the volume of products on the market, the dynamics of market sales and the ability of production and marketing.

Variety selection

Edamame bean varieties are mainly classified according to the growth period: the edamame bean with long growth period can reach more than 100 days, and the edamame bean with short growth period can only last 50-60 days. Therefore, varieties should be selected according to the cultivation season. As far as possible, the varieties with full grains, strong cold tolerance, wide adaptability, early or delayed cultivation, easy to cook and crisp with waxy quality and high yield should be selected.

Key points of cultivation

1. Suitable sowing time: spring sowing from the end of March to early April (protected cultivation can be appropriately early), harvest from June to July; summer sowing from the end of April to June and harvest from July to September; autumn sowing from July to August and harvest from September to October.

2. Reasonable close planting: reasonable close planting plays an important role in increasing the number of pods, promoting the fullness of soybean grains and increasing yield. The density is mainly related to the branching and spreading degree of plants. The early-maturing varieties have few branches and compact plant types, the general density is 40000-50000 plants / mu, the row-plant spacing is 20cm × 20cm, the middle-maturing varieties are 18000-20000 plants per mu, the row-plant spacing is 30cm × 30cm, and the late-maturing varieties are 15000-17000 plants per mu, and the row-plant spacing is 40cm × 35cm.

3. Increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: edamame bean needs a lot of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, so the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has a significant effect on the yield increase of edamame bean. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are generally based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. Per mu of base fertilizer, 1000-1500 kg of rotten compost, 25 kg of superphosphate and 100-150 kg of plant ash were applied. During the growth period, fertilizer can be topdressing according to the growth situation. Rhizobia have not yet been formed in the seedling stage, and 10% of human feces and urine can be applied once. If the growth is poor before flowering, apply 10%-20% human feces and urine once, plant ash 50-75 kg, calcium superphosphate 5~l0 kg to promote the fullness of pods. In the later stage, 1%-2% calcium superphosphate can also be used to extract liquid root topdressing. When potassium fertilizer is insufficient, leaf yellow disease is easy to occur. Plant ash or potassium sulfate can be used for prevention and control. Plant ash is used to cover seeds in prevention and control, and plant ash can also be removed from edamame bean plants when the dew is not dry, generally sprinkling it 4 times in a row, the leaves turn green gradually in about 7-8 days, and the ash is removed 50 kg per mu each time, this method is particularly effective.

4. Heart-picking and topping: heart-picking can inhibit growth, prevent overgrowth, mature early and increase yield. The experiment shows that picking core can increase the output by 5%-10%, and mature 3-6 days earlier. Varieties of limited growth type, generally picking the heart at the early flowering stage, and varieties of unlimited growth type should be picked after the full flowering stage.

5. Pest control: the pests of edamame bean include bean pod borer, soybean heart borer and so on. The pod borer, Chilo suppressalis, can kill pupated larvae when it is irrigated once or twice during the flowering and podding stage of edamame. Larval leaf rolls and human pods can be sprayed with 1000 times of dimethoate emulsion or 50% malathion emulsion. The main disease of edamame bean is rust. To control rust, the disease-free seeds were first selected or disinfected. The seeds were soaked in 200-fold formalin solution for 30 minutes, washed and dried before sowing. Secondly, crop rotation should be implemented to avoid repeated cropping. The last is spraying prevention in the early stage of the disease, spraying twice in seedling stage and 1-2 times in podding stage, each time 5-7 days apart. The medicine can be sprayed with 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times.

6. Harvest: precocious varieties are generally listed early, that is, after entering the grain filling period, they can be harvested one after another and can be sold at a good price. But should not be premature, otherwise the bean grain is shrunken and small, the commodity is poor, the yield is low, but affects the economic benefit. Mid-and late-maturing varieties are generally harvested when the beans are full and the pods are still green, but they should not be too late, otherwise the beans will be hard and the quality will be reduced. When harvesting, the whole plant can be harvested at one time, or it can be harvested in 2 or 3 times. Keep it in a cool place after harvest to keep it fresh.